Visuotinio nepritekliaus XX a. pabaigoje liudininkai - kvietimai ir talonai: pirminiai tyrimų duomenys (Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus rinkinio pagrindu)

LTStraipsnis skirtas maisto, pramoninių prekių, tabako ir kt. talonams, naudotiems Lietuvoje XX a. pabaigoje. Pristatomi 655 prekių talonai ir kvietimai (1983–1993) iš Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus bonistikos rinkinio. Darbe išskiriami pagrindiniai talonų tipai, talonų pasiskirstymas pagal jų išleidimo vietą ir prekių grupės, pažymėti išskirtiniai ir vertintini eksponatų požymiai. Skiriama aptariamų artefaktų sisteminimo ir katalogavimo pradžiai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: maisto, pramoninių prekių talonai, kvietimai, bonistika, deficitinės prekės. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe emergence and spread of various types of coupons, invitations, and other means for the distribution of the most vital goods in Lithuania in the 9th decade of the 20th century were associated with the economic decline of the USSR and political realia. Invitations and coupons widely used for goods in 1988–1989, mainly known in 1990–1992 as coupons, were last issued in 1993. In museum collections, they are classified as notaphily collections, in others – as groups of historical documents and printed matter, but the material has not been systematized and researched. The aim of this work is on the basis of a purposeful collection of coupons that has been accumulated since 1988 at the National Museum of Lithuania to start the systematization and cataloguing of the material, to distinguish the main types of coupons, to pay attention to the places of issue and groups of goods, and to mark the unique and appreciable features of these documents. The collection of the National Museum of Lithuania includes 655 coupons and invitations of goods used in Lithuania in 1983–1993; 80 per cent of them were accepted before 1996. 70 per cent of the collection consists of the objects of the 1991 year (in 1990 and 1992 – 8.7 per cent and 9,6 per cent, the rest – from 1 to 28 units). More than half of the coupons are unified, without the specified issuer and turnover area, six design types may be distinguished. The majority of coupons – 170 units were of Vilnius and Vilnius district, 61– Šakiai district consumer cooperatives union, 14 – Varėna and Varėna district, 13 – Kaunas and Agricultural Construction Design Institute (Kaunas), 11 – Klaipėda, there are also Pagėgiai (including with the stamp of Vilkyškiai district LDT Executive Committee of Šilutė district), Jonava, Palanga, Panevėžys, Šiauliai (?), Šilutė RVKS, Utena district (Leliūnai county).The place of their production is usually not indicated, in five cases (Klaipėda, Palanga) it is Klaipėda printing house “Rytas” (1990, 1991), in one case – Utena printing house (1991–1992), mostly in the collection there are the coupons of Kaunas “Spindulys” products, unified in 1992 and 1993 with special security features specific to the securities. In terms of goods, coupons for food account for 23 per cent, 12 per cent for industrial goods, 6 per cent for alcohol and 2 per cent for tobacco of all coupons in which an item is indicated. However, this is not the case for the most part, the goods were indicated by numbers or letters, and this was reported separately. We consider especially valuable coupons with information written by the holder of the coupon or later recorded by the museologist, indicating the product, the period of use or the procedure of payment using the coupons as well as the coupons with stamps that help to identify the issuers of the coupons. The actualization of the artefacts in question should encourage the collection of these small documents, at the same time, the formation, updating, and adaptation of a common database to new possibilities of cognition of the country’s history. [From the publication]