Daugiabučių namų modernizavimas Klaipėdos miesto savivaldybėje

LTDidžioji dalis Lietuvos gyventojų gyvena daugiabučiuose namuose, kurie pradėti statyti XX a. šeštajame dešimtmetyje. Senstantis gyvenamųjų pastatų fondas ir gyventojų patiriamos didelės šildymo sąnaudos aktualizuoja daugiabučių namų modernizavimo problemą. Straipsnyje, taikant mokslinės literatūros ir teisės aktų analizės, sisteminimo bei apibendrinimo metodus, nagrinėjamos daugiabučių namų modernizavimo priežastys ir poreikis darnaus vystymosi kontekste bei daugiabučių namų modernizavimo modeliai. Daugiabučių namų modernizavimo situacija Klaipėdos miesto savivaldybėje analizuojama, remiantis oficialiose interneto svetainėse, dokumentuose ir teisės aktuose pateikta informacija, siekiant atskleisti modernizavimo patirties raidą ir specifiką. Atlikus kokybinį tyrimą gautų rezultatų pagrindu, taikant iš dalies struktūruoto interviu metodą apklausus Klaipėdos miesto daugiabučių namų valdytojus, t. y. savivaldybės paskirtus daugiabučių namų administratorius, įvertinta gyvenamųjų pastatų būklė, nustatytos valstybės paramos daugiabučių namų renovacijai silpnosios ir stipriosios pusės, modernizavimą skatinantys veiksniai, problemos bei modernizavimo nauda. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: daugiabučių namų modernizavimas, daugiabučių namų modernizavimo modeliai, savivaldybės paskirti administratoriai. [Iš leidinio]

ENMost of the Lithuanian population live in apartment blocks that were built since the 1950s. The problem actualisation of the modernisation of multi-apartment blocks is based on the aging stock of residential buildings and the high heating costs experienced by residents. By applying methods of analysis, systematisation and the summary of the research literature and legislation, the reasons and need for retrofits of multi-apartment blocks in the context of sustainable development, and models of modernisation of multi-apartment houses, are examined in the article. The situation of the modernisation of apartment blocks in Klaipėda municipality is analysed based on information provided on official websites, documents and legislation, in order to reveal the development and specifics of the experience of modernisation. Based on results obtained by qualitative research, and using the semi-structured interview method in interviewing the management of apartment buildings in Klaipėda, that is, the administrators of apartment buildings appointed by the municipality, the condition of the residential buildings was assessed, and the strengths and weaknesses of state support for the renovation of apartment blocks, factors and problems promoting retrofits, and the benefits of modernisation, were determined. The faster implementation of the modernisation of apartment blocks began in 2004, after the approval of a programme for the renovation (modernisation) of apartment blocks and Lithuania’s accession to the European Union, as a result of which EU decisions relating to increasing energy efficiency were incorporated into national law. The process of the modernisation of multi-apartment residential blocks in Lithuania is implemented based on three models: partial, complex and quarter renovation. The latter model, quarter renovation, has been implemented in Lithuania since 2013, developing a sustainable urban development policy.Compared to other municipalities, Klaipėda is quite actively involved in the process of the modernisation of apartment blocks, but based on the total number of houses to be renovated, by September 2022, only 14.7 per cent of energy-inefficient apartment blocks were renovated. Apartment buildings are modernised both according to a municipal programme and according to a state programme, at the initiative of the residents. In the case of the administrator appointed by the municipality, the majority of residential apartment blocks have been modernised (or are being modernised) according to the municipal programme by invitations issued by the minister of the environment of the Republic of Lithuania. Meanwhile, in general, more apartment blocks in Klaipėda have been modernised at the residents’ initiative: more applications have been submitted, and more projects are being implemented on time. The results of the empirical qualitative research revealed that, in the opinion of the administrators appointed by Klaipėda municipality, the legal regulation of the modernisation of apartment blocks is appropriate, but complicated, because it is not understandable or accessible to all population groups. The support offered by the state is insufficient, and it does not encourage the population to participate in the modernisation process. The modernisation process is hindered by the passivity of homeowners, prejudice, the lack of state support, and the limited financial resources of the population.The same problems identified in different studies since 2013 show that insufficient attention is paid by the state and local government, and by administrators appointed by the municipality, to the analysed problem. In order to encourage the modernisation of multi-apartment blocks, it is necessary to change the provisions of the legal regulations, increase state support measures, create measures for residents’ activity, and improve education about the benefits of modernisation. The results of the research show that homeowners receive both direct (economic and technical) and indirect (aesthetic and psychological) benefits from the renovation of apartments. Meanwhile, the benefits received by apartment block administrators are indirect, including the aesthetic satisfaction of a well-ordered environment, and the satisfaction of residents. Keywords: apartment blocks modernisation, apartment blocks modernisation models, municipally appointed administrators. [From the publication]

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