(Ne)kintantys etnografiniai muziejų pasakojimai

LTStraipsnyje aptariami etnografinių muziejų pasakojimų aspektai ir jų pokyčiai. Įvertinami XIX a. istoriniai domėjimosi etnografija kontekstai ir XX a. pabaigos dekolonizacijos, globalizacijos ir demokratizacijos procesai, paskatinę peržiūrėti muziejininkystės tradicijas ir koncepcijas Vakarų šalyse ir Lietuvoje. Aptariamas etnografinio muziejaus ryšys su etnografijos, etnologijos, antropologijos disciplinomis. Straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kad įtakingas ir nesikeičiantis etnografinių pasakojimų pagrindas yra eksponatas ir jo gyvenimo istorija. Kultūrinė įvairovė ir vietinis savitumas, disciplinos plėtra, tarpkultūrinis dialogas, atvirumas ir bendradarbiavimas yra įtraukties erdvė etnografinių pasakojimų unikalumui atsiskleisti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: dekolonizacija ir globalizacija, disciplina, etnografinis muziejus, etnografinis pasakojimas. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article aims to discuss the narratives of ethnographic museums and their changing aspects today. The origins of interest in ethnography, the relevant and current contexts in the world and Lithuania, and the connection with the discipline are evaluated. Based on the works of ethnologists, anthropologists and museologists as well as the cases from Lithuanian museums, ethnological and anthropological insights are provided. The origins of the ethnographic museum date back to the era of globalization, colonialism and nationalism of the 19th century, which emphasized the knowledge of distant, unfamiliar lands and people. The collections of non-Western objects testified to humanity’s cultural past, evolutionary development, and at the same time colonial and ethnocentric discourse. The processes of decolonization, globalization and democratization in the West in recent decades of the 20th century have led to a review and rethinking of the museum’s colonial heritage. In Lithuania, as in other Northern, Central and Eastern European countries, the history of collecting ethnographic objects has a clearly expressed national direction, containing the desire to know the cultural origins and evolution of one’s nation. It is also characteristic that the process of collection was not consistent, it was repeatedly interrupted due to political events and circumstances, as well as the situation of the sciences of ethnology and anthropology in Lithuania. Today’s change in the evolution of ethnographic museum narratives is also closely related to the development of these and related science disciplines.The article emphasizes that ethnography in the Lithuanian museum is changing and looking for its authentic place, thought, critical access, models of museum expression, original ways to speak and impress. In this moving and uneasy area, the ethnographic exhibit together with its life story remains an influential and unchanging actor in constructing the museum’s narrative. Meanwhile, the cultural diversity and local distinctiveness of the human world, the development of the discipline, intercultural dialogue, openness and cooperation are inclusive spaces to reveal the uniqueness of ethnographic narratives. [From the publication]