Pastatyti valstybę ant bėgių: geležinkelių vaidmuo nacionaliniame Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos projekte
LTStraipsnyje, remiantis vokiečių istoriko Felixo Konrado Jeschke’s Čekoslovakijos geležinkelių ir erdvėkūros tyrimu, keliais aspektais analizuojami analogiški procesai Pirmojoje Lietuvos Respublikoje. Remiantis publikuotais ir archyviniais dokumentais bei istoriografija, straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos geležinkelių perėmimas po Pirmojo pasaulinio karo, jų plėtros projektų rengimas ir įgyvendinimas valstybingumo metais bei šių procesų įtaka įtvirtinant lietuvišką erdvę. Raktiniai žodžiai: Pirmoji Lietuvos Respublika, Lietuvos geležinkeliai, Čekoslovakija, erdvė, valstybės teritorija. [Iš leidinio]
ENF. K. Jeschke argues that the Czechoslovak State Railways was a powerful tool which, if used properly, could make the territory of the country more Czechoslovak. It is obvious that the Lithuanian railways could have been used in the same way. During the independence struggles, this use was direct: the main battles were fought around railway junctions and lines, and trains had been used for effective military manoeuvres since the middle of the nineteenth century. The launch of the first train with the Lithuanian flag was also undoubtedly important, as the flag is a powerful symbol, especially during wartime. As a tool for codifying space, railways became more important with the annexation of the Klaipėda region. The first railway development projects developed in Galvanauskas’s environment were economically involved and focused primarily on the economic integration of Klaipėda into Lithuania. Such integration was to create conditions for further cultural integration. However, in the face of financial difficulties and opposition in the Seimas, Galvanauskas’s projects failed, and Galvanauskas himself withdrew from political activity for a long time. Nevertheless, the need to expand Lithuanian railways remained: by the end of the statehood, one railway line in the direction of Klaipėda, which had been envisaged in Galvanauskas’s projects, was built. It is worth noting that its construction was completed only in 1932, almost ten years after the annexation of the Klaipėda region by Lithuania. Although the line was supposed to serve as the basis for economic integration, it is not clear whose importance to who – Klaipėda’s for Lithuania or the other way round – was greater at the time. Also, the symbolism of the opening of the line was not aimed at the rapprochement of the Klaipėda region with the rest of Lithuania but at the unity of Lithuania with Žemaitija (Samogitia).In principle, this was not a bad decision, but, unlike the Klaipėda region, Žemaitija was not ripe with anti-state sentiment at that time. As for the architecture of the new line, which F. K. Jeschke describes as a spatial expression of ideology, it was sending a different message. While Kaunas was developing its unique modernist architecture, the buildings around the railways were of an old-style and standard construction. Keywords: First Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian railways, Czechoslovakia, space, state territory. [From the publication]
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