Smolensko žemės bažnytiniai pareigūnai 1395-1514 m.

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Smolensko žemės bažnytiniai pareigūnai 1395-1514 m
Alternative Title:
Ecclesiastical officials of the land of Smolensk from 1395 to 1514
Authors:
Jurkevičius, Andrius
In the Journal:
Lietuvos istorijos metraštis [Yearbook of Lithuanian History]. 2022, 2022/1, p. 5-33
Subject Category:
LT
13 amžius - 1569. Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė. LDK; Bažnyčios istorija / Church history; Lietuva (Lithuania); Rusija (Russia).
Summary / Abstract:

LTLietuvos ir kaimyninių šalių istoriografijoje Stačiatikių bažnyčios struktūros paskiruose Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės regionuose kaip pagrindinis tyrimų objektas pasirenkamos labai retai. Šiame straipsnyje aptarsime vieno regiono – Smolensko žemės – bažnytinius pareigūnus (vyskupus, vienuolynų archimandritus ir igumenus, cerkvių dvasininkus – šventikus ir diakonus) 1395–1514 m., kai šis regionas priklausė Lietuvos Didžiajai Kunigaikštystei. Dėmesys bus telkiamas į tris aspektus: Stačiatikių bažnyčios pareigūnų atsiradimo Smolensko žemėje laiką, jų prerogatyvas ir skyrimo tvarką. Raktiniai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Smolensko žemė, Stačiatikių bažnyčia, bažnytiniai pareigūnai. [Iš leidinio]

ENIn the article, we discuss the ecclesiastical officials (bishops of Smolensk, archimandrites and ihumens of monasteries, clergymen of churches – priests and deacons) in the Land of Smolensk, their prerogatives, and the nomination procedure between 1395 and 1514, when the Land of Smolensk belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. We managed to find out that the diocese of Smolensk and the first monasteries in Smolensk were established in the first half of the thirteenth century. It was the same time when the first bishops of Smolensk, archimandrites and ihumens of monasteries in Smolensk appeared. It is not known when the first churches in Smolensk were built but they must have been established long before the end of the fourteenth century. The bishops of Smolensk had a number of prerogatives related to judicial responsibilities, administration of ecclesiastical land tenure, pastoral care of the believers in the diocese of Smolensk, and consecration of churches and clergymen. Archimandrites and ihumens of monasteries were responsible for the management of monasteries, representation of monks, administration of land tenure and income of monasteries, while the clergymen of churches had to hold services and administer land tenure of churches. Appointments of some bishops of Smolensk were influenced by the grand dukes of Lithuania at the end of the fourteenth century-the first half of the fifteenth century. There is no doubt, however, that at that time the bishops of Smolensk were appointed by the metropolitans of Kiev. It is likely that other bishops that had been subordinate to the metropolitans of Kiev had participated in the procedure of the nomination of the bishops of Smolensk.The situation started to change from the second half of the fifteenth century, when the influence of the grand dukes of Lithuania in the metropolitan area of Kyiv increased significantly, and in the late fifteenth-the sixteenth century they started to nominate the metropolitans of Kiev and the bishops that were subordinate to the metropolitans of Kiev themselves. Late in the fifteenth-early in the sixteenth century, the bishops of Smolensk must have also been appointed not by the metropolitans of Kiev but by the grand dukes of Lithuania. The procedure of the nomination of archimandrites and ihumens of monasteries, clergymen of churches in the Land of Smolensk between 1395 and 1514 probably depended on the administrative practices of individual monasteries and churches. In some cases, archimandrites and ihumens of monasteries must have been elected by local monks, and some archimandrites, ihumens, and clergymen of churches must have been appointed by the bishops of Smolensk, the metropolitans of Kiev, and the benefactors of monasteries and churches. Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Land of Smolensk, Orthodox Church, ecclesiastical officials. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.33918/25386549-202201001
ISSN:
0202-3342; 2538-6549
Subject:
Istorija / History
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/99546
Updated:
2023-03-06 20:46:28
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