Lietuvos organizacijos kultūrinės charakteristikos Europos kontekste

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos nacionalinės kultūros charakteristikos Lietuvos organizacijoje. Tyrimas atliktas AB „Lietuvos Telekomas", remiantis pasaulyje populiariausia olandų mokslininko Geert Hofstede (Limburgo universitetas, Maastrichtas) metodologija. 1980 metais publikuotas ir klasikiniu tapęs tyrimas buvo vykdytas IBM kompanijoje 50 pasaulio šalių. Nors šiandien abu šiuos tyrimus palyginti yra sudėtinga, straipsnyje pateikiami, analizuojami ir pagal galimybes lyginami gauti rezultatai. Remiantis gautomis kultūrinėmis charakteristikomis, siekiama nustatyti Lietuvos organizacijos vietą Europos kultūriniame žemėlapyje ir kultūriškai palankiausius organizacijos modelius. Kadangi Lietuvos tyrinėtojai kultūrą visų pirma nagrinėja sociologiniu ir antropologiniu aspektu, autorius tikisi, kad šis straipsnis prisidės prie tolesnių kultūros tyrimų vadybos srityje Lietuvoje plėtros. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kultūros charakteristikos; Hofstede metodologija; Lietuvos organizacija; Cultural characteristics; Hofstede methodology; Lithuanian organization.

ENThe article analyses cultural characteristics of a Lithuanian organization on the basis on a 5-D model of Geert Hofstede (Maastricht University). The survey was carried out in "Lietuvos Telekomas" ("Lithuanian Telecom"), a joint-stock company, and included over 450 respondents from different branch-offices and levels of the company in five major cities: Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys, The objective of the research was to identify cultural characteristics underlying organizational models in Lithuania and to position them in a wider international context. The research was mainly concerned with the identification of work-related values, rather than practices of a business organization. The following results have been obtained: High power distance was detected revealing the tolerance of unequal distribution of power within the organization, the acceptance of hierarchical structures, an authoritarian decision-making style, and strong dependence needs on the part of subordinates. Stiong uncertainty avoidance demonstrated the emotional need for clear rules and formalized procedures, willingness to avoid uncertain situations, such as overlap of responsibilities and belief in expert-made solutions. Moderate collectivism indicated a stand for the dominance of group interests over those of individual.High femininity was determined which depicted the preference for modest behavior, compromise-based solutions, and a socially balanced approach in the organization Moderate short-term orientation was detected which expresses preference to spending over investment, respect for traditions, and social and status obligations. The combination of high power distance and strong uncertainty avoidance calls for the comparison with a French 'pyramid of people' described by clear delineation of powers and responsibilities within the organization, otherwise described as the 'bureaucratic culture'. Three dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and collectivism) reveal existing commonalities with Southern European countries, whereas strong femininity bridges Lithuania with the Scandinavian cultural area. The overall results show tendencies very similar to those to the case of Yugoslavia - the only 'Eastern block' country included in Hofstede survey (1980) which allows raising hypotheses for further research in the area. The pool of the youngest respondents (under the age of 24) has shown very different results on all dimensions and favor more marketoriented organizational models. These findings, as well as the increasing internationalization of market-based models (e.g. through Scandinavian investment), allow to expect the development of effective and internationally competitive organisational models in the future. [From the publication]