Žemė. Motina. Duona

• Smetonienė, Irena
• Smetona, Marius
• Rutkovska, Kristina

LTKalba – tauta – kultūra – tapatybė yra nuosekli grandinė, leidžianti žmogui pasijusti tam tikros tautos dalimi, laikytis savo tautos vertybių. Kalboje užkoduotas tautos kalbinis pasaulėvaizdis, kuris yra kaip tam tikras bendruomenes (šeimyninę, vietinę, regioninę, tautinę) konsoliduojantis ir jų tapatybę lemiantis veiksnys. Pasaulėvaizdžio pagrindą sudaro vertybės, kurių hierarchija ir supratimas įvairuoja priklausomai nuo bendruomenių kalbos ir kultūros, istorinės patirties ir siekių. Trečiojoje autorių monografijoje kalbama apie vertybes, be kurių savęs neįsivaizduoja nė vienas žmogus – be motinos, žemės ir duonos. [Anotacija knygoje]

ENThis is already the third monograph by the authors based on the metho-dology of the school of ethnolinguistics established by J. Bartmiński and his followers in Lublin. EARTH, LAND, GROUND Lithuanians have a special connection with the earth, land and ground. They may not even possess or cultivate a land, but be inexplicably attracted to it. The earth is of value to Lithuanians and ranks rather highly in the hierarchy of values. Eternal and social values associated with it are what make the earth so special. The basic syndromes (perceptions) of the concept are as follows: Planet. It flies among other celestial bodies and has been hit multiple times, that is why a human must protect and foster it as it is the only home that we have; humans must love, take care and preserve it, listen attentively to the signals it sends because it is a great value to a humankind, humans will only be happy if they preserve it for future generations. Element. The earth is one of the five elements that a human has mastered, inhabited, and agreed with, perceived and idolized. Opposite of heaven. Heaven seems to humans the good, ideal and enigmatic world, while the earth is meant for daily struggles and misfortunes. The earth, unlike heaven, cannot boast in beauties and music, wonderful sunsets and dwelling angels. Everything is mundane and no longer interesting on the earth. World. The earth is a world created by the Creator for living beings, humans among them, inhabited not only by people, but also by ancient gods, that world is also roamed through by other creatures that were described by humans in legends and fairy tales. Heaven blesses this world with stars, sunrays, here the day is replaced by the evening, seasons change, but a human is only a temporary visitor, to be more precise – this is a symbolic journey of humans on the earth.Private property, land possessed or owned by someone. A land in the agricultural culture was the biggest asset, even if sometimes that asset was a tiny patch. A human would have done anything for the land. An own land is an eternal wish of a human reflected in different discourses. It does not matter if it is inherited, given or bought, possession of a land has always been a sign that a person is rich. Previously, it was a source of survival, and later – an indicator of a certain status. Humans could not imagine their lives without it, although sometimes it was just a trendy thing, but possession of a land gave a sense of self-worth and pride. A land can be received, bought, inherited, sold, belong to a certain proprietor, owned by a certain ruler, but humans must have it in their possession, otherwise they will live in uncertainty and ignorance. There is no greater feeling than acquiring an own land – it is important to cultivate, foster and take care of that land. Surface where life takes place: humans sit, walk, lie, place something or erect buildings on that robust layer. Here humans live daily mundane life, are happy, sad, build houses and other buildings, walk, sit, lie, place or drop things. Sometimes this robust layer trembles and scares humans, but humans feel assured and safe on such surface as they do not feel that the earth is in unstable condition. The earth, the robust base, rumbles and trembles under human feet when humans walk fast, are elated and self-assured, human feet do not touch the ground when humans are happy. The earth also trembles when humans are happy, but more often when they live in misery – then they fall to the ground in pain.Layer that is cultivated or otherwise cared for. The earth must be cultivated (an agricultural land) or cared for in other way (grassland, private parcels). This is a national asset, which must be used rationally and must be preserved. Farmland is the most important thing for a farmer. Although land cultivation is a hard work, but by cultivating a land, humans will be able to feed themselves and their families. Farmland is sacred the same way the farmer’s work is sacred. Fertile layer where something grows. Black fertile soil is the focus of all discourses. It is the biggest value and the greatest asset. This layer may not only be fertile, suitable for planting, but it also may be barren and worked-out. However, if more labour is invested, even poor soil produces food. Layer for someone to hide or be hidden, which can be penetrated, walked from the inside or affected in any other way (hammered in, pitted or planted). This layer allows hiding in such way that even deities will not be able to find and the court will not be able to sentence a person. Moreover, this layer is entered by different creatures who have created their own world there. This layer is affected by humans in multiple ways: something is hammered in, planted, pitted, buried, etc. A different world lies underneath the surface of the earth in fairy tales which can be entered only by the disadvantaged or brave ones. That world resembles the earth life a lot because it has the same road (meadow or forest in other fairy tales), the same home – another surface with the same life. [...]. [From the publication]