ENVilnius Cathedral Square occupies a large portion of the territory of Vilnius Lower Castle. The author of the article who supervised the historical research of the palace of the Grand Dukes before and after Lithuania's independence, discusses the historical development of this area from the earliest times until the nineteenth century. The location of buildings in this area and the erection of the Lower Castle are brought into focus. Research is focused on a number of architectural buildings that have existed in the present territory of the square: the House of Bishops, the House of Episcopal College, Cathedral School, the Royal Mill and other edifices. [From the publication]