Lietuvos ir Rusijos sutartis dėl tarpvalstybinių santykių pagrindų

• MRU CRIS: knygos tekstas

• Jakniūnaitė, Dovilė
• Stankevičius, Česlovas Vytautas
• Vadapalas, Vilenas
• Vitkus, Gediminas
• Žalimas, Dainius

LTMokslo studijoje „Lietuvos ir Rusijos sutartis dėl tarpvalstybinių santykių pagrindų“ analizuojama, kaip vyko derybos dėl sutarties sudarymo, parodoma, kokių derybinių pozicijų laikėsi Lietuvos ir Rusijos derybų delegacijos, kokių abipusių kompromisų buvo padaryta, kad sutartis galėtų būti pasirašyta, atskleidžiamos iki šiol neskelbtos derybų peripetijos. Nagrinėjama, kokių tarptautinių teisinių ir politinių padarinių sukėlė sutartis, tyrinėjama Lietuvos ir Rusijos santykių raida 1991-2021 metais. Knygoje pateikiama gausi archyvinė medžiaga. Knyga „Lietuvos ir Rusijos sutartis dėl tarpvalstybinių santykių pagrindų“ yra skirta istorikams, teisininkams, politologams, tarptautinių santykių ir politikos mokslų specialistams, valstybės politikams, taip pat visiems, kurie domisi, kaip buvo įtvirtinamas Lietuvos valstybingumas, stiprinama jos nepriklausomybė. [Anotacija knygoje]

ENThe process of negotiations between the Republic of Lithuania and the Russian Federation, then the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), on the treaty on the Foundations of Interstate Relations lasted for almost 11 months. In 1990, the Republic of Lithuania, which de iure became a fully independent state under the Act of 11 March, sought to restore the former state relations between the two independent states that existed before the occupation and annexation of Lithuania by the USSR in 1940. But the USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev wanted to preserve the USSR empire and annexed Lithuania as a part of it. In the initial stage of “negotiations on negotiations” the USSR made a precondition that the negotiations should be conducted only on the status of Lithuania’s statehood within the Soviet Union. The adoption of the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the RSFSR on 12 June 1990 which opened up a real opportunity for Lithuania to regulate state relations directly with the Russian Federation could be considered the breakthrough of the process. On 27 July 1990 the leaders of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Lithuania, Boris Yeltsin and Vytautas Landsbergis, agreed to start bilateral negotiations on the conclusion of a treaty on political-legal relations between the two countries in accordance with the principles and norms of international law without imposing any preconditions on each other. At the same time, the Russian Federation agreed on bilateral negotiations with the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia. The strong efforts of the authorised Lithuanian negotiating commission at the beginning of the negotiations were needed in order to reach an agreement with the commission authorised by the Russian Federation on reflecting political and legal principles relevant to Lithuania in the treaty on relations between Lithuania and Russia.With the aim of establishing a democratic Russian state, which would be independent from the USSR, the Russian Federation strictly separated its identity from the RSFSR founded as a result of the Bolshevik coup d’état in 1917, which became a part of the Soviet Union in 1922. Thereby the Russian Federation wanted to distance itself from the responsibility for the criminal actions committed by the communist Soviet Union. Mr Yeltsin officially expressed political support to the independence of Lithuania and the other two Baltic States and to the nations defending this independence during the military aggression by the USSR against Lithuania on 13 January 1991. On 12–13 January Mr Yeltsin had already signed the treaties on interstate relations with the leaders of Estonia and Latvia. While negotiating with Lithuania, the Russian Federation sought such wording for the treaty with Lithuania that would be identical to that reached in the treaties signed with Latvia and Estonia. Such a position of Russian Federation complicated the negotiations between the independent Republic of Lithuania and the Russian Federation, as the treaties signed by Estonia and Latvia with Russia reflected their status during the period of transition to full state independence. Meanwhile, Lithuania sought that in the first article of the treaty Lithuania and Russia should recognise each other as subjects of international law according to their state status, as it is enshrined in the fundamental acts adopted by them.After a long discussion of the negotiators, the Lithuanian-Russian treaty clearly regulated the issues of the free choice of citizenship and favourable conditions for acquiring citizenship in their country of permanent residence for persons who moved from Russian territory to Lithuania and vice versa. Manifestly strong negotiating efforts of Lithuania and Russian Federation were needed until they agreed on the common approach in the treaty. Only after the USSR accepted to eliminate the consequences of the annexation of Lithuania in 1940, the conditions for mutual trust were created between the parties. As for the latter, the leaders of both countries, Mr Landsbergis and Mr Yeltsin, reached a final agreement only on 10 July 1991, after Mr Yeltsin had been elected as the President of the Russian Federation. The Treaty between the Republic of Lithuania and the Russian SFSR on the Foundations of Interstate Relations was signed by Mr Yeltsin and Mr Landsbergis on 29 July 1991, when only three weeks were left before the communist putsch in Moscow. Thus, there were unique circumstances in 1991 that allowed to conclude this Treaty, when both parties had the coinciding interests to support each other against the Soviet leadership. These circumstances predetermined the particular content of the Treaty on the Foundations of Interstate Relations: neither Latvia or Estonia, nor any former Soviet republic has achieved the treaty with Russia, in which the latter recognised the illegality of the 1940 Soviet aggression (including the annexation of Lithuania) as well as the continuity of the Republic of Lithuania and its identity with the State of Lithuania established by the Act of Independence of 16 February 1918. [...]. [From the publication]

• Teisė / Law
• Politikos mokslai / Political sciences