Mankštos poveikis Kauno miesto pradinių klasių mokinių fiziniam pajėgumui

LTPastaruoju metu vaikų fizinis aktyvumas mažėja, todėl vaikų fizinio pajėgumo rodikliai per pastaruosius dešimtmečius ženkliai pablogėjo. Tyrimo objektas - ilgalaikis mankštos poveikis pradinių klasių moksleivių fiziniam pajėgumui. Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti mankštos įtaką pradinių klasių mokinių fiziniam pajėgumui. Tyrimo metodika - Kauno miesto pradinių klasių moksleiviai parinktose mokyklose atliko testus, skirtus jų fiziniam pajėgumui nustatyti. Viso ištirta 473 Kauno miesto mokyklų pradinių klasių (1- 4 kl.) mokinių: iš jų 94 „Herojaus“ mokyklos mokiniai; 380 kitų (dvi mokyklos) mokyklų mokiniai. Pastebima, kad daugumos atliktų fizinio pajėgumo testų rezultatų vidurkiai mokykloje, kurioje buvo atlikta kasdienė mankšta, yra aukštesni, nei mokyklose, kuriose mankšta nebuvo vykdoma. Gauti rezultatai atskleidžia, kad vaikų, atlikusių kasdienę mankštą visus keturis ugdymo metus, „10 x 5 m bėgimas šaudykle (s)“ ir „6 min bėgimas (m)“ rezultatų vidurkiai buvo reikšmingai geresni, nei vaikų, kurie kasdienos mankštos neatliko (p<0,05). Atsižvelgiant į tyrimo rezultatus ir PSO rekomendacijas, švietimo įstaigoms būtų naudinga vykdyti kasdienę mankštą ugdymo proceso metu. Tyrimo rezultatai taip pat gali padėti nustatyti atskaitos taškus gilesnėms studijoms, sveikatos stiprinimo strategijų kūrimui ir praktinėms intervencijoms. Raktiniai žodžiai: mankštos įtaka fiziniam pajėgumui, fizinis pajėgumas, fizinis aktyvumas, pradinių klasių mokinių fizinis pajėgumas, fizinio pajėgumo testavimas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Mankštos įtaka fiziniam pajėgumui, fizinis pajėgumas, fizinis aktyvumas, pradinių klasių mokinių fizinis pajėgumas, fizinio pajėgumo testavimas. Keywords: The influence of exercise on physical capacity, physical capacity, physical activity, physical capacity of primary school students, physical capacity testing.

ENPhysical activity is becoming an increasingly important part of society. This change can be seen in the lives of both adults and children. Children's physical activity indicators are most influenced by two main factors: the family and the educational institution. Parents and other family members have a great influence on physical activity rates during the afternoon, and as children spend most of the day at school, educational institutions have a responsible role. Today, schools must not only promote physical activity, but be active themselves. Activity in schools is manifested in the ability to cooperate, in the implementation of programs that promote physical activity and in a change of attitudes. Physical education programs give children the opportunity to realize themselves in different activities. Physical education is an important part of the general culture of an individual and of society. It is closely linked to the promotion of health and sport, which contribute to the physical, mental and spiritual harmony of the individual, strengthening the health of people of all ages. The benefits of physical activity as part of the full education of a child are unquestionable. Regular physical activity promotes growth and development. It has many benefits for physical, mental and psychosocial health that undoubtedly contribute to better learning outcomes. Despite the research, changing societal attitudes towards physical activity poses significant challenges. The first challenge is an improper daily schedule. Studies show that the daily schedule of most children does not meet the proper criteria for sufficient daily physical activity. This is influenced by many factors in their daily lives, such as diet, leisure activities, etc. However, human lives are also affected by global changes.The rapid development of smart technologies, urbanization, and motorization are increasingly allowing for a more passive life. Secondly, there is too large a drop-in activity between kindergarten and primary school too much separation between kindergarten and school activities. Children’s transition from kindergarten to elementary school further reduces physical activity by increasing mental activity, which requires concentration, serenity, and constant space. Children’s leisure time is often planned by parents who prefer non-sporting activities for artistic and intellectual development. This contributes with the third challenge, which is too little time for physical activity. Although children are required to have physical education activities at school to develop their physical capacity and understanding of physical activity through programs approved by the education department, the time for activities allotted develop a child’s physical fitness is too short. As there is not enough time for the child's development in physical education activities, we must encourage the child to be physically active in his / her free time for at least 30-60 minutes a day (WHO), because by promoting activity we can achieve positive results for their physical capacity. This study aims to examine and propose solutions that could reduce the problem of Lithuanian students' deteriorating physical capacities. The results of the two-decade monitoring of Lithuanian sports university researchers showed that the Lithuanian students' physical capacity consistently deteriorated, and the aerobic endurance indicators have almost doubled in the last 20 years (Venckunas, Emeljanovas, Mieziene et al., 2017). Pupils' physical capacity depends to a large extent on their physical activity.Research in different regions of Europe provides different figures for children's physical activity rates, but in many countries more than 50% younger school-age children are not physically active enough (Griffith et al., 2013). Konstabel et al., (2014) add that the least physically active children are in southern European countries, the most in northern and eastern European regions. In Lithuania, physical inactivity is prevalent among many younger school-age children (Konstabel et al., 2014). This study focuses on solutions that improve students’ physical capacity in schools. The aim of this work is to reveal the influence of exercise on the physical ability of primary school students. The results of the study will help set benchmarks for in-depth studies, the development of health promotion strategies, and practical interventions. The object of the research is to observe the long-term effect of short-term physical activity during morning warm-up on the physical capacity of primary school students. The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of short-term physical activity during morning warm-up on the physical abilities of primary school students. Research methodology - Kaunas city primary school students performed tests in their selected schools to determine their physical capacity. A total of 473 primary school students (grades 1-4) of Kaunas city schools were surveyed: 94 of them were students of the Herojus School; 380 students from other (two schools) schools. It is observed that the averages of the results of most of the physical fitness tests performed in the school where the daily exercise (short-term physical activity) was performed are higher than in the schools where the exercise was not performed. [From the publication]