Transporto įmonių aplinkosaugos tendencijos ir galimybės pereiti prie žaliosios logistikos

LTŠiandien klimato kaita yra didžiausias iššūkis ateities kartoms. CO2 emisija per pastarąjį dešimtmetį dėl miestų plėtros ir gyventojų skaičiaus augimo gerokai išaugo. Transporto įmonių poveikis aplinkai – daugiausia neigiamas. Atlikta statistikos departamento duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad didėjant vežimų įvairių rūšių transportu mastams, analogiškai didėja ir transporto rida, su kuo susijusi ir CO2 emisija, tai savo ruožtu neigiamai veikia aplinką. Tokios tendencijos skatina logistikos įmones pradėti įgyvendinti žaliąją logistiką ir į savo veiklą įtraukti ,,žaliuosius“ sprendimus, kuriais jos prisidėtų prie esminių aplinkosaugos problemų sprendimo. Straipsnyje aptartos transporto įmonių galimybės (žalieji sprendimai) pereiti prie žaliosios logistikos ir taip prisidėti sprendžiant aplinkosaugos problemas. [Iš leidinio]

ENClassic logistics focused most attention on the producer-to-consumer movement of products, considering transport, warehousing, and inventory management (forward distribution). Freight carriers and their customers are interested mainly in providing transport services at lower cost. The final consumers normally pay little attention to how the products are transported, congestion in cities, or air or noise pollution. However, the environment of cities is negatively affected by the current organisation of the distribution of urban goods. The Go-Green logistics concept and schemes try to combine efficient transport with environmentally friendly urban logistics systems (Angheluta, Costea, 2011). To become more sustainable, various organisations have implemented some sort of green logistics practices. Of course, the degree of application is not the same for all firms. For instance, while some firms follow a proactive strategy, others try to meet only the regulatory requirements. In short, not all organisations are able to do their best for green logistics. To the best of our knowledge, this is because the relationship between green logistics practices and the performance of firms is not very clear. For example, while some studies show it as very advantageous, others show that green logistics do not provide any economic benefits to a company (Sari, Yanginlar, 2015). Opinions on this issue vary, but if green logistics are implemented properly in the organisation, the benefits are always there. Researchers describe green logistics in different ways, but the focus is on ecology and reducing the negative impact on the environment, by choosing vehicles that are less polluting. Here are some definitions of green logistics.Green logistics deals with environmental issues related to sustainable transportation, hazardous material handling and storage, inventory control, warehousing, packaging, and facility location-allocation decisions that aim to reduce carbon footprints (Min, Kim, 2012). Green logistics consists of all activities related to the eco-efficient management of the forward and reverse flows of products and information between the point of origin and the point of consumption, whose purpose is to meet or exceed customer demand (Thiell et al., 2011). Logistics is perceived as a key sector to contribute to sustainable development meeting the future generations’ needs in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions in a socially and economically responsible way. Green logistics involves all attempts to reduce the ecological impact of peoples’ mobility, traffic systems and of transport in regional and global supply chains, including the reverse flow of products and materials (Aktas et al., 2018). Green logistics means the systematic assessment, analysis, and ultimately mitigation, of the environmental impact of logistics activities. The goal of green logistics is to meet needs at minimal cost, while minimising the impact of CO2 on the environment. If an enterprise has green logistics awareness, then it is easy to understand that the enterprise may also need a proactive green logistics strategy and green logistics practices. As some authors have indicated, green awareness is a key element of a green strategy (Choi, Zhang, 2011). It is widely acknowledged that logistics has a significant impact on the environment; therefore, green logistics is becoming a key component of sustainable management. The problematic question is: What green logistics solutions can transport companies implement in contributing to sustainable development and reducing environmental problems?.Aim of the research: To evaluate the possibilities for transport companies to implement green logistics. Methods. Analysis of scientific literature, data analysis by the Department of Statistics of the Republic of Lithuania. Results. The analysis by the Department of Statistics shows that freight transport by all modes of transport is growing, and the consumption of diesel is also growing, which leads to higher CO2 emissions. These trends have significant consequences for human health. The development of the transport infrastructure leads to increased air pollution and noise levels. In order to improve these indicators, companies should redouble their efforts to reduce harmful emissions of pollutants from transport. Companies should therefore consider all options for moving to green logistics. Organisations seeking to reduce the negative impact on the environment can use ‘green’ solutions in their activities, and thus contribute to a reduction of various environmental, economic and social problems. Organisations that want to move towards more sustainable transport could implement the following green solutions in their activities: use greener vehicles, use alternative fuels, encourage drivers to use fuel-efficient driving, optimise vehicle routes, reduce waste, and so on. [From the publication]

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