LTŠiame straipsnyje aptariami refrenų atsiradimo būdai, skiriamos ir analizuojamos galimos Lietuvių liaudies dainyno refrenų grupės ir pogrupiai, jų pasiskirstymas Lietuvių liaudies dainyno tekstuose. Galima manyti, kad refrenas yra daug archajiškesnis negu turintys prasmę dainos žodžiai. Refrenai, kurie susideda iš jaustukų ir onomatopėjų, pirmykščiu būdu - šauksmu - išreiškia žmogaus būseną, jausmus, nusiteikimą. Bene visų tipų lietuvių liaudies dainose gausu įvairios struktūros refrenų. Liaudies dainose vartojami tokie kalbiniai elementai, kurie tiesiogiai priklauso nuo melodijos; dažnai tekstas, reiškiantis atitinkamą mintį, viršija nustatytą skiemenų skaičių arba, priešingai, jam trūksta skiemenų, prireikia kaip nors išvengti skiemenų pertekliaus arba trūkumo, tada pasitelkiama fonetika. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Daina; Refrenas; Fonotaktika; Fonosemantika; Klasifikacija pagal struktūrą; Žodiniai refrenai; Kvazileksiniai refrenai; Kvazidarybiniai refrenai; Samplaikiniai refrenai. Keywords: Song; Refrain; Phonotactics; Phonosemantics; Onomatopoeic refrains; Quasi-lexical refrains; Quasi-derivational refrains; Combinational refrains.
ENThe characteristics of song language have always been a domain of interest to representatives of different areas of philology, yet the linguistic expression of Lithuanian folk song refrains has so far been given very little attention. Refrains lack definition and are therefore left out of traditional grammar discussion, even though their linguistic expression abides by the rules of formation of syllables and words of the Lithuanian language as often as not. Literary scientists describe said phenomenon as ìcertain excitement, an affective state rather than a specific solid experience, which is expressed with outcries, incoherent word structures, random phrases or declarative identification and can be unloaded through a purely automatic act of language, or an imitation or unadulterated statement of a fact of the environmentî [Sauka 1982: 111]. Balys Sruoga provided the following definition of the concept of refrain: we take it as a certain stanza that recurs as we follow the strophes of a song, reflecting on its path in retrospection [Sruoga 1957: 190]. Repetitions are made to extend the feeling, the emotion of the singer, or to compensate for the singerís inability to come up with any longer songs. Hence, repetition is an essential attribute of a song refrain.The subject of the study is the recurring part of the text that has a hard-to-define meaning, if any, and is defined by linguistic expression that usually follows the rules of sound consolidation and syllable formation of the Lithuanian language1. The goal of the study is to develop a classification of the refrains from the Lithuanian Folk Songbook by structure and method of formation. The tasks here are as follows: a) conduct an analysis of the potential refrain groups; b) identify refrain groups by method of formation; c) carry out a statistical analysis of the constituent segments of the refrains. The problem that the article addresses is related to the fields of lexicology, phonology and phonetics as well, and therefore the work employs the methods and terminology of these scientific domains: for the purposes of studying refrains, the descriptive, the statistical, and the comparative approaches are used. [From the publication]