Vaikų dienos centrus lankančių paauglių teisės dalyvauti priimant sprendimus konteksto ir lygmenų vertinimas

LTStraipsnio tikslas – įvertinti vaikų dienos centrus lankančių paauglių teisės dalyvauti priimant sprendimus priėmime praktiškai realizuojant kontekstą ir lygmenis. Siekiant išnagrinėti teorinius vaikų dienos centrus lankančių paauglių teisės dalyvauti priimant sprendimus įgyvendinimo aspektus, taikyti mokslinės literatūros analizės, lyginamosios analizės, apibendrinimo metodai. Teorinės analizės rezultatai atskleidė vaikų dienos centrus lankančių paauglių teisės dalyvauti priimant sprendimus kontekstą struktūriniu požiūriu ir tokio dalyvavimo lygmenis žvelgiant per procesinę poziciją. Nustatyta, kad vaikų dalyvavimo teisės kontekstas susideda iš socialinio lygmens ir dalyvavimo temos. Dalyvavimas gali prasidėti net ir minimaliomis teisę įgyvendinančių subjektų pastangomis – išklausymu, informavimu, konsultavimu, nors labiausiai teisė realizuojama tada, kai vaikas pats priima sprendimą ir prisiima už jį atsakomybę.Šalyje veikiančius vaikų dienos centrus lankančių paauglių teisės dalyvauti priimant sprendimus įgyvendinimo įvertinimui taikyti anketinės apklausos, aprašomosios statistikos, statistinės analizės metodai. Siekiant įvertinti subjektyvų paauglių požiūrį į jų dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus teisės įgyvendinimą vaikų dienos centro aplinkoje, 2021 m. sausio ir vasario mėn. atlikta 130 organizacijos „Gelbėkit vaikus“ vaikų dienos centrus lankančių 12–18 metų amžiaus paauglių anketinė apklausa, kurios rezultatai parodė, kad dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus teisė silpniausiai įgyvendinama šeimoje. Nustačius, kad vaikų dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus teisė prasčiausiai įgyvendinama artimiausioje vaiko aplinkoje – šeimoje, įžvelgtinas aiškus koregavimo poreikis. Paauglių dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus teisės realizavimo skirtingose aplinkose svarba stiprėja paaugliams pereinant iš ankstyvosios į vėlyvosios paauglystės etapą. Visuose lygiuose faktinis dalyvavimas priimant sprendimus viršija paauglių lūkesčius. Nustatyta, kad paaugliai vaikų dienos centruose turi galimybių dalyvauti ir dalyvauja priimant sprendimus. Dalyvavimo teisės įgyvendinimo svarbiausias ir geriausiai vertinamas lygmuo nustatytas išklausant vaiką. Kaip mažiausiai svarbų ir silpniausiai patiriamą dalyvavimo teisės įgyvendinimo lygį paaugliai įvardijo sprendimų priėmimo galios ir atsakomybės suteikimo lygį. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis study was aimed at the evaluation of the practical implementation of the context and levels of the right of teenagers visiting children’s day care centers to participate in decision-making. For the theoretical analysis, the methods of analysis and generalization of scientific literature were applied. The data of the empirical research were collected by means of a questionnaire survey. The methods of descriptive statistics and statistical analysis were applied for the analysis of the research data. The theoretical analysis of the context of children’s right to participate has shown that children’s right to participate is a construct that encompasses four main elements: aim, context, ways, and parties involved. This context is examined in terms of the social level and the topic of participation. The social level contains the levels of systems and environments. In the context of the social level, the implementation of children’s right to participate can take place in institutions operating at the micro, meso, or macro levels: in the family, in educational institutions, in health care institutions, in social service institutions, in community-level institutions, in public policy, and in society. Depending on the environment of the child’s right to participate, different topics of participation are possible, which are detailed in areas, problems that occur due to everyday choices, or solutions that are significantly more important for the child. Participation may start even with the minimal efforts of the subjects implementing this right – hearing, informing, and consulting – while this right is most strongly realized when the child makes a decision and takes responsibility for it by themselves. Intermediate levels of children’s participation in decision-making include: expressions of support for children, taking into account children’s points of view, and involvement in the decisionmaking process.In order to assess the subjective attitude of teenagers towards the implementation of their right to participate in decision-making in the environment of a children’s day care center, a questionnaire survey of 130 children aged 12–18 attending the “Gelbėkit vaikus” (“Save the Children”) day care center was conducted in January and February 2021. The results of the survey showed that the right to participate in decision-making, according to the subjective assessment of teenagers, is best implemented in educational institutions, health care institutions, and public policy. The least important environments, in the opinion of teenagers, are public policy, society, and health care institutions. The research results show that children’s participation in decision-making that affects them is least implemented in the family – the environment where the implementation of the right to participate for teenagers is the most important of all environments. The biggest gap between the importance of the right to participate and its implementation was recorded in the family. The assessments of the importance of environments for participation in decisionmaking were highly biased by stages of adolescence. Participants of the research belonging to the early stage of adolescence completely identified all environments as less important compared to teenagers in the middle and late stages of adolescence. Research participants belonging to the stage of late adolescence assessed the importance of all environments with the highest scores. The assessments of the experience of implementing teenagers’ right to participate in decision-making that affects them were not as equal as they were regarding importance.The teenagers’ right to participate in decision-making that affects them is best realized: in the family, educational institutions, public policy, and society at the early stage of adolescence; in social service institutions and community-level institutions at the middle stage of adolescence; and in health care institutions at the late stage of adolescence. The research revealed that according to the subjective assessment of more than half of all research participants, the implementation of the right to participate in the children’s day care center is very important. The implementation of the right to participate in decisionmaking in social service institutions was assessed rather poorly, but when research participants were asked about the implementation of the right in one of the social service institutions – children’s day care centers – almost half of the research participants believed that their right as teenagers to participate in decision-making was realized very well. The results of the empirical research showed that teenagers in children’s day care centers have opportunities to participate and do participate in decision-making. Compared to girls, boys tend to attach slightly more importance to the implementation of the right to participate in decision-making in children’s day care centers. The importance was emphasized by teenagers aged 17–18. Special importance was also attached by those who had attended day care centers for 4–5 years, 4 times per week, and who spent 4 hours per day in day care centers. [...]. [From the publication]

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