Kūčių vakarienė: vizualinė etnografija ir performatyvumas muziejinėje edukacijoje

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Kūčių vakarienė: vizualinė etnografija ir performatyvumas muziejinėje edukacijoje
Alternative Title:
Christmas Eve supper: visual ethnography and performativity in museum education
Authors:
Rakaitytė, Vaida
In the Journal:
Res humanitariae. 2021, t. 29, p. 109-128
Subject Category:
LT
Etnografija / Ethnography; Muziejai / Museums; Ugdymas. Pedagogika / Education. Pedagogy.
Summary / Abstract:

LTAktualizuojant muziejų vaidmenį šių dienų visuomenėje, straipsnyje siekiama aptarti Kūčių papročių gyvosios rekonstrukcijos ypatumus Lietuvos muziejuose: nagrinėjami vizualiniai Kūčių stalo inscenizacijos aspektai; atskleidžiama, kaip performatyvumo taikymas muziejuose padeda įgyvendinti naujosios muzeologijos konceptą Lietuvoje. Empiriniai duomenys tyrimui rinkti dalyvaujamųjų stebėjimų pagrindu šešiuose Lietuvos muziejuose 2017–2018 m. Pritaikius lyginamąjį, interpretacinį ir analitinį metodus, kompleksinis tyrimo rezultatas leidžia į muziejų pažvelgti kaip į besikeičiančio ir atsinaujinančio dinaminio proceso erdvę, kur dėl edukatoriaus ir dalyvių bei dalyvių tarpusavio interakcijos nuolat konstruojamas turtingas pažinimo interpretacijų laukas; į muziejų žvelgiama kaip į nenuspėjamą erdvę, bendruomeniškumo stiprinimo erdvę, žaidybinę erdvę. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article analyses the role of museums in today’s society in order to discuss features of the live reconstruction of Christmas Eve customs in Lithuanian museums. The main tasks are to analyse the visual ethnography of the Christmas Eve supper table, and to show how performativity in museums helps to implement the concept of the new museology in Lithuania. Empirical data were collected during participatory observations in six Lithuanian museums in 2017 and 2018. The comparative, interpretative and analytical methods were applied in the research. The results of the field research confirm that carrying out a live reconstruction of Christmas Eve customs as part of an educational programme in an ethnographic museum is a particularly suitable way to obtain, take over and share knowledge in an ethnographic space: usually in an authentic or restored dwelling from the 19th or 20th century. Together with the whole organically merging interior environment of the house, the Christmas Eve supper table creates a mesmerising and complex ethnographic image. From today’s perspective, nontraditional religious attributes on the Christmas Eve supper table become the object of multi-layered cognition, where interest grows through the visual to learning based on a dialogue between the participants and the educator. A rich field of interpretations is formed due to other’s interactions. Different authentic experiences of the participants are constructed through the dynamic process. These research results support the research by the ethnologist Rasa Račiūnaitė-Paužuolienė (2014, 130) on visual ethnography narratives in an institution like a museum, where museum narratives of polyphonic exchange take place in different situations and build up orchestration.Features of the new museology and postmodernism are revealed in constructing the museum as an unpredictable space, where a ‘student’ can suddenly become a ‘teacher’, and a ‘teacher’ a ‘student’. Role-sharing benefits at the same time both programme participants who can share a family tradition by incorporating it naturally into the Christmas Eve scenario, and the educator, by gaining knowledge that can be used in other educational activities. Another aspect is that the museum space for children becomes a playground space: in situations of cognition of customs, the game’s various models coded by educators turn the museum space into children’s own space, where they want to stay. Another aspect is the strengthening of the community: the group of participants in the museum becomes one family. Its main features are centred on courtesy, service, goodness and sharing. This is especially suitable and worthy for groups of students. Learning based on a range of different senses, including eating Christmas Eve food, turns instant knowledge into a long-term memory. To the participant, the opportunity to take your own home-made food to the museum, or special recipes for it, means taking part in the identity gained during the educational programme. During conversations just after the educational programmes, the participants confirmed that old Christmas Eve customs are almost extinct in their families, and non-traditional meals are a rarity. Therefore, the research shows clearly that museums play a huge role in conveying knowledge about Christmas Eve customs to people today. The museum acts as a mediator between the ‘message giver’ and the ‘message recipient’. An exchange of knowledge takes place in the museum. The research also showed that the museum contributes towards shaping the identity of an ethnographic region. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15181/rh.v28i0.2400
ISSN:
1822-7708; 2538-922X
Subject:
Etnologija / Ethnology
Related Publications:
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/96569
Updated:
2022-08-08 20:53:16
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