Jaunvārdu pētniecības problemātika mūsdienu leksikoloģijā un leksikogrāfijā: Latvijas un Lietuvas pieredze

ENResearch into neology in Latvia and in the world is one of the most actively research topics in lexicology and lexicography. Problems relating to the identification of neology are caused by undeveloped theoretical questions, uncertainties in the field of terminology, and non-existent research guidelines. The linguistic experience in the field of neology research described in Latvia and Lithuania discusses different approaches to the use of electronic resources and language corpora to record and store information about new words. Looking at the studies by lexicographers in different countries, it should be concluded that the biggest problem associated with research into neology is the criteria by which to identify it. It is possible to talk about primary criteria (the borrowed or made word, relevant in a certain period of time, originating in a recent period), and secondary criteria (the word is not yet a stable part of the lexicon, semantic neologism is also a new word, nonce word and/or potentialism as a new word, variation of new words). The most controversial is the time factor, from which other problems relating to the study of neologising arise. It takes some time for a new word to adapt to the language (time also determines how long a word is considered a new word). If a word has become established in the language and a certain amount of time has passed (assumptions differ in the lexicography of different countries), further research into the new word can be conducted, determining if the word has been borrowed or made (possibly which word is a nonce word or potentialism), how recently it occurred, whether the word is found in a stable part of the lexicon, or if it has variations in expression, and so on.Various factors are taken into account for the inclusion or exclusion of new words in dictionaries: in what resources to get/find a new word, what criteria determine whether to add a new word to the dictionary, and how long the new word exists in the language so that it can be included in the dictionary. In general, there is no single answer about adding new words to the dictionary. There are various temporary solutions in the world, and also in Latvia, in the form of brochures or dictionaries in which to store neologisms, providing descriptions and explanations of them. One of the solutions for creating a bank of neologisms is language corpora and databases. The Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence of the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the University of Latvia has developed and currently offers 18 different Latvian-language corpora on the website korpuss.lv, many of which store new names, such as the ‘Balanced Corpus of Modern Latvian Texts’ (2016–2018), which consists of 10 million word usage. In Lithuania, a ‘Database of Lithuanian New Words’ has been created since 2012, and the aim of the database is to store the vocabulary of new Lithuanian-language words, as well as providing practical information on neologisms. [From the publication]

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