Parenting styles revisited: a longitudinal personoriented assessment of perceived parent behavior
ENThe pernicious consequences of parent psychological control are well-established. Parenting style classification schemes, however, typically exclude this behavioral practice, focusing instead on demandingness and responsiveness. The present study applies a person-oriented approach to the classification of parenting styles, taking into account psychological control. Lithuanian adolescents (239 girls, 215 boys; Mage ¼ 15.14 at the outset) completed questionnaires at annual intervals across high school, describing parent behavioral control, support, and psychological control. Longitudinal multidimensional latent class growth analysis (LCGA) yielded four parenting style categories. Two conventional groups emerged: authoritative (highest behavioral control and support, lowest psychological control) and indulgent (high support, low behavioral control, lowest psychological control). Two additional groups emerged in lieu of an authoritarian category: enmeshed (high behavioral control and psychological control, intermediate support) and affectively controlling (highest psychological control, lowest behavioral control and support). Children of authoritative parents reported favorable adjustment on a host of indicators, including behavior problems, school engagement, character, self-esteem and interpersonal caring and connection; children of affectively controlling parents reported the poorest adjustment on all variables measured. [From the publication]
- A Longitudinal examination of perceived parent behavior and positive youth development: child-driven effects / Goda Kaniušonytė, Mary Page Leggett-James, Brett Laursen. Social sciences (Basel). 2021, 10, 369, p. 1-15.
- Labour and capital under a neoliberal economic model: economic growth and demographic crisis in Lithuania / Romas Lazutka, Arūnas Juška, Jekaterina Navickė. Europe-Asia studies. 2018, vol. 70, iss. 9, p. 1433-1449.
- Relationships with parents, identity styles, and positive youth development during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood / Goda Kaniušonytė, Rita Žukauskienė. Emerging adulthood. 2017, Vol. 00, iss. 0, 1 pdf (11 psl.).
