Wykorzystanie map w działaniach strategicznych do 1586 roku w Koronie i Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim

ENThe paper presents the oldest instances of applying cartography during strategic actions in the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The promoters and – possibly – also the proponents of using maps in the army were Stanisław Łaski and Jan Tarnowski. Tarnowski not only wrote about the need for the application of cartographic knowledge by the high command, but also modified permanent defence according to the spatial reconnaissance of Tartar routs. They were to be supervised by a specifically appointed Field Crown Guardian. The oldest map used during the defence was Bernard Wapowski’s map of Sarmatia from 1526. It contained a black trail that was the chief route of the Tartar army march. In 1576, a precise rout consisting of three trails used by the Crimean Khanate was made by a committee appointed to lustrate the royal demesne of the Podolian and Ruthenian voivodeships. They were marked on a map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Stanisław Sarnicki in the early 1580s. At the beginning of Stephen Báthory’s ruling, the European publishing market suffered from a shortage of printed maps that could significantly aid strategic actions conducted during the war with the Tsardom of Muscovy (Livonia was an exception). The creation of a suitable map that could facilitate strategic planning was entrusted to Marcin Strubicz. The first and second edition was made in 1579–1580. The first version of Strubicz’s map (1579) contained a description of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania entitled Descriptio Lituanie. Strubicz applied in it a solution unknown elsewhere in Europe consisting in providing military regulations next to the description of Lithuanian lands. Latin versions of Grzegorz Chodkiewicz’s military articles published by Strubicz indicated that the map had a purely military purpose. [From the publication]

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