Ginčų nagrinėjimas komerciniame arbitraže

• Jokubauskas, Remigijus
• Kirkutis, Mykolas
• Tamošiūnienė, Egidija
• Višinskis, Vigintas

LTKomercinis arbitražas – tai vienas iš komercinių ginčų sprendimo būdų, alternatyva teisminiam ginčų sprendimui. Šalys turi teisę nuspręsti, ar konkretus ginčas bus nagrinėjamas arbitražo teisme ar valstybės teisme. Lietuvos teisės doktrinoje komercinio arbitražo klausimai nagrinėti Gedimino Domino ir prof. habil. dr. Valentino Mikelėno, prof. habil. dr. Vytauto Nekrošiaus ir dr. Eglės Zemlytės darbuose1. Šio leidinio tikslas yra susisteminti ir apžvelgti Lietuvos Respublikos teismų bei tarptautinių teismų praktiką taikant ir aiškinant arbitražo procesą reglamentuojančius teisės aktus, nacionalinį ir užsienio valstybių teisinį reglamentavimą bei teisės doktriną. Tokiu būdu pateikiama sisteminė arbitražo proceso analizė. Nors šalys komercinį ginčą turi teisę spręsti pasirinktame arbitražo teisme arba ad hoc arbitraže, neretai su arbitražo procesu susiję ginčai pasiekia ir valstybės teismus. Dažniausiai tokie atvejai susiję su teismo pagalba arbitražo procese, prašymų dėl Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijoje veikiančio arbitražo teismo sprendimo panaikinimo bei prašymų dėl užsienio valstybėje veikiančio arbitražo teismo sprendimo pripažinimo ir leidimo vykdyti nagrinėjimu. Todėl šiame leidinyje daug dėmesio skiriama teismų praktikai, aiškinančiai KAĮ nuostatas. Taip pat analizuojama EŽTT praktika, susijusi su teisės į teisingą teismą užtikrinimu ginčus nagrinėjant arbitražo teismuose.Be to, aptariama UNCITRAL pavyzdinio įstatymo taikymo praktika užsienio ir Lietuvos Respublikos teismuose. Šis leidinys yra sudarytas iš aštuonių dalių: 1) arbitražo principai; 2) teismo pagalba arbitražo procese; 3) arbitražas ir ES teisės taikymas; 4) arbitražas EŽTT praktikoje; 5) arbitruotinumas; 6) arbitražinis susitarimas; 7) arbitražo teismo sprendimo apskundimas ir panaikinimo pagrindai; 8) užsienio arbitražo teismo pripažinimas ir vykdymas. [Leidėjo anotacija]

ENArbitration is an alternative way of commercial disputes resolution. Parties have a right to resolve commercial disputes in arbitration instead of submitting them to the court. This study presents a systematic analysis of commercial arbitration and reveals the main practical issues and development of commercial arbitration. This study is based on the analysis of the national case law regarding the application of the Law on Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Lithuania and comparative analysis of various laws and case law of foreign states. Also, it examines the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights which relates to commercial arbitration. Furthermore, this study analyses the application of UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985 with amendments as adopted in 2006 (UNCITRAL Model Law) in foreign and national case law. This research consists of eight parts: i) the principles of arbitration ii) court’s intervention (assistance) in arbitration proceedings, iii) arbitration and the application of the European Union law, iv) arbitration in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, v) arbitrability, vi) an arbitration agreement, vii) appeal of arbitral awards and grounds for setting aside arbitral awards, viii) recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. The principles of arbitration which are established in Article 8 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Lithuania form the basis in all arbitration proceedings. Some of these principles are recognized in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (for instance, independence and impartiality of arbitral tribunals). The combination of these principles shall ensure due process in arbitration proceedings. The analysed case law suggests that violation of these principles may lead to the annulment of the arbitral award.This study assesses the court’s intervention (assistance) in arbitration proceedings which is strictly limited to the exceptional cases established in the Law on Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Lithuania. Such regulation reflects Article 5 of UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration which recognizes that in matters governed by this Law, no court shall intervene except where so provided in this Law. According the Law on Commercial Arbitration of the Republic of Lithuania, court’s intervention (assistance) is divided between Vilnius regional court and the Court of Appeal of Lithuania, depending on the subject matter of the particular procedural question. Such intervention of courts in arbitral proceedings also depends significantly on parties’ will. Often courts assist in arbitration proceedings in the matters related to the appointment of arbitrators and provisional measures. The regulations of the European Union law which regulate cross – border civil disputes are not applicable to arbitration. Article 1(2)(d) of the Brussels I a regulation establishes that it shall not apply to arbitration. Such exclusions of the application of the European Union acts to arbitration are established in Article 2(2)(e) of the Regulation on a European Small Claims Procedure and Article 2(2)(e) of the Regulation on a European Account Preservation Order procedure. Nevertheless, it is debatable to what extent the Brussels Ia regulation shall be applicable to the judgments of arbitral tribunals which impose provisional measures. The Regulation on insolvency proceedings establishes some guidance regarding the effects of insolvency proceedings on pending lawsuits or arbitral proceedings.According to Article 18 of this regulation, the effects of insolvency proceedings on a pending lawsuit or pending arbitral proceedings concerning an asset or a right which forms part of a debtor’s insolvency estate shall be governed solely by the law of the Member State in which that lawsuit is pending or in which the arbitral tribunal has its seat. The analysis of the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights reveals that the principle of the right to a fair trial established in Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is applicable to certain extent to arbitration proceedings. This study analyses such notable cases as Deweer v. Belgium, Suovaniemi and others v. Finland, Transado-Transportes Fluviais do Sado, S.A v. Portugal, Tabbane v. Switzerland, Lithgow and others v. the United Kingdom, Suda v. the Czech Republic, Mutu and Pechstein v. Switzerland. The European Court of Human Rights makes a difference between voluntary and mandatory arbitration. The major importance has the case law which relates to the application of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms regarding the waiver of the rights by concluding an arbitration agreement and the basis of a fair trial (due process, equality of arms, independent and impartiality of arbitral tribunals). The case law of the European Court of Human Rights suggests that such a waiver should not necessarily be considered to amount to a waiver of all the rights under Article 6. A waiver of the rights established in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms must satisfy certain conditions. It must be free, explicit and unambiguous. [...]. [From the publication]