Juridinių asmenų nemokumo procesas

LTŠio darbo tikslas yra sistemiškai įvertinti juridinių asmenų nemokumo procesą reglamentuojančias JANĮ ir kitų teisės aktų nuostatas bei teismų praktiką. Iš JANĮ parengiamųjų darbų galima spręsti, kad šio įstatymo pagrindinis siekis yra veiksmingo nemokumo proceso tikslas. Tačiau nei JANĮ parengiamuosiuose dokumentuose, nei pačiame įstatyme veiksmingo nemokumo proceso samprata nėra pateikta. Manytina, kad veiksmingo nemokumo proceso sąvoka gali būti atskleidžiama per atskirų nemokumo proceso institutų analizę, vertinant jų operatyvumą, ekonomiškumą, nemokumo proceso dalyvių interesų suderinamumo pusiausvyrą. Toks veiksmingumo nemokumo proceso vertinimas ir analizė atliekami šiame darbe. Darbas nėra skirtas visų klausimų, susijusių su juridinių asmenų nemokumo procesu, analizei. Pagrindinis tikslas yra sistemiškai pateikti ir išanalizuoti po JANĮ priėmimo pradėtą formuoti teismų praktiką, kuri yra esminis teisės aiškinimo ir taikymo šaltinis nemokumo procese. Manytina, kad tam tikrose srityse teismų praktika jau yra gana stabili ir nuosekliai formuojama (pavyzdžiui, dėl gyvybingumo ir nemokumo vertinimo, nemokumo proceso iškėlimo tvarkos, kreditorių reikalavimų tvirtinimo ir kt.). Tačiau dėl įvairių JANĮ nuostatų taikymo teismų praktika dar nėra suformuota. Taip pat vertinama, kokia ankstesnė teismų praktika taikant ĮBĮ ir ĮRĮ nuostatas lieka aktuali ir turėtų būti tęsiama taikant JANĮ. Manytina, kad atsižvelgiant į teisinio tikrumo, aiškumo principus, aiškinant ir taikant JANĮ nuostatas aktuali lieka ir ĮBĮ bei ĮRĮ taikymo praktika. Tačiau taikant ankstesnę teismų praktiką reikia atsižvelgti į JANĮ pakeitimus ir šio įstatymo tikslus, todėl ji turėtų būti taikoma tiek, kiek yra suderinama su pasikeitusiu nemokumo proceso teisiniu reglamentavimu. [...]. [Iš Pratarmės]

ENThis book focuses on the issues related to effectiveness of corporate insolvency proceedings. In Lithuania the latest reform of corporate insolvency proceedings was implemented in 2019 following the adoption of the Law on Insolvency of Enterprises (thereinafter – LIE) which reformed restructuring and bankruptcy proceedings and replaced the Law on Bankruptcy proceedings of Enterprises (thereinafter – LBE) and the Law on Restructuring of Enterprises (thereinafter – LRE). Therefore, the legislator repealed two laws governing insolvency proceedings and established single insolvency proceedings for bankruptcy and restructuring. According to the regulation of insolvency proceedings established in Lithuania, only judicial methods of resolving insolvency disputes are recognized, since both restructuring and bankruptcy (except for the out-of-court bankruptcy of a company) cases are heard in the court. Also, the recent case law of Lithuanian courts shows that in insolvency disputes the courts shall ensure, by available means, efficiency of the proceedings and, in exceptional circumstances, intervene in matters falling within the competence of creditors. Corporate solvency problems have usually been solved in Lithuania by bankruptcy proceedings and restructuring as a way to solve the solvency problems is rarely applied. This shows that the dominant way of solving corporate solvency problems in Lithuania so far is bankruptcy. Therefore, when deciding on the improvements of insolvency law, more attention needs to be paid to the analysis of improvement of effective restructuring proceedings. The aim of this work is to systematically evaluate the provisions of the LIE and other legal acts regulating corporate insolvency proceedings in order to assess whether the established legal regulation and the case law correspond to the goal of effective insolvency proceedings.A great attention is paid to the analysis of the national case law. However, it is not intended to analyse all the issues related to corporate insolvency proceedings. The main purpose of this work is to present and analyse the new case law which started after the adoption of the LIE and which is the essential source for the interpretation and application of the law in insolvency proceedings. In some areas, the case law of Lithuanian courts is already relatively stable and consistent (for example, on the assessment of viability and insolvency, the procedure for initiating insolvency proceedings, the approval of creditors’ claims). However, a number of issues still lack consistent case law. Therefore, this work focuses mostly on the analysis of recent case law in the application of LIE. It also assesses which previous case law on the application of the provisions of the LBE and the LRE remains relevant and should be continued in the application of the provisions of the LIE. This book is divided into 15 chapters which cover the main aspects of corporate insolvency proceedings. The first four chapters deal with the participants of insolvency proceedings (a debtor, directors, shareholders, an insolvency administrator, employees, accountants, other involved persons) and the basis for commencement of these proceedings (insolvency, viability). The legal consequences of commencement of insolvency proceedings, such as a stay of individual enforcement actions, prohibition to satisfy previous financial claims and perform a set-off are assessed. Also, a thorough analysis of the basis of commencement of insolvency proceedings (bankruptcy and restructuring) is provided. Chapter five focuses on the exercise of creditors individual and collective rights in insolvency proceedings.It analyses the issues related to representation of creditors in creditors’ meetings and creditors’ committees as well as the questions related to abuse of collective creditors’ rights, civil liability of creditors and court’s control over the exercise of collective creditors’ rights. Chapters six-fourteen focus on bankruptcy proceedings. The main aspects and problems of bankruptcy proceedings are discuses, such as continuation of business activities, termination of contracts, transactions avoidance, duties of the management of the company to cooperate with the insolvency administrator, simplified bankruptcy proceedings, out-ofcourt bankruptcy proceedings, fraudulent bankruptcy, expenses of bankruptcy proceedings, liquidation, satisfaction of creditor’s claims. The last chapter of the book deals with restructuring proceedings. In this chapter the purpose and goals of restructuring of legal entities and the differences between bankruptcy and restructuring are discussed. This chapter focuses on the preparation and confirmation of a restructuring plan and continuation of business activities in restructuring proceedings. Also, the grounds for termination of restructuring proceedings are discussed. This work also pays attention to the problems of application of the Restructuring and Insolvency Directive and its transposition into Lithuanian insolvency law. The Restructuring and Insolvency Directive is the first attempt to establish a preventive restructuring mechanism in European Union law and to harmonize certain elements of the restructuring process (suspension of individual enforcement measures, requirements and approval procedure of a restructuring plan, performance of essential contracts, interim and new financing, protection of employees). [...]. [From the publication]