Sinergetinio pasaulėvaizdžio kontūrai: (filosofiniai ir moksliniai aspektai)

LTMonografijoje „Sinergetinio pasaulėvaizdžio kontūrai“ sinergetika analizuojama filosofiniu požiūriu. XX a. pabaigoje atsiradęs tarpdisciplininis mokslas sinergetika aprėpia ir chaoso, ir katastrofų, fraktalų, disipatinių struktūrų, emergentinio evoliucionizmo, kompleksiškumo teorijas, susijusi su F. Varelos autopoiesis koncepcija, kognityviniu mokslu ir t. t. Dėl implikuotos netiesinės dinamikos, holistinio mąstymo specialistai sinergetiką vadina naujuoju, neklasikiniu, postakademiniu mokslu. Knygoje supažindinama su pagrindiniais sinergetikos principais ir jų taikymu ne tik gamtos moksluose, technikoje, bet ir humanitariniuose bei socialiniuose moksluose, taip pat ir valdant krizes. Nagrinėjama filosofinio mąstymo įtaka moksliniams tyrimams, teikiamos originalios sisteminio determinizmo, holistinės epistemiologijos koncepcijos bei sinergetinis būties modelis, artimas P. Teilhardo de Chardino noosferos koncepcijai. Teikiamų koncepcijų „neklasikinis“ pobūdis gali tapti ir euristinio mąstymo, ir diskusijų dėl tikrovės prigimties ir jos pažinimo galimybių šaltiniu. Tarpdisciplininis knygos pobūdis ją daro gana sudėtingą, bet skaityti ir suprasti padeda terminų ir mokslinių bei filosofinių idėjų paaiškinimai. Knygos adresatas – šiuolaikinio mokslo problemomis besidomintys filosofai, gamtos, socialinių ir humanitarinių mokslų specialistai. Knyga svarbi universitetų dėstytojams, doktorantams, magistrantams, t. y. tiems, kurie dėsto arba studijuoja sinergetikos pagrindus, taip pat tiems studentams, į kurių studijų (gamtamokslinių, socialinių, humanitarinių) programas įtraukta sinergetinių principų, netiesinės dinamikos analizė. [Anotacija knygoje]

ENThe concept of synergetics being the objective of the monograph is particularly difficult to define since it is still being discussed whether this is science or philosophy. Another reason why synergetics is problematic to explain is that alongside this term found in encyclopedias and reference books we can come across such terms as the theory of chaos, the theory of catastrophes, the theory of dissipative structures, new science, postmodern science, etc. Thus, by the usage of these terms, it is not only attempted to emphasize its recent origin but also its distinguishing role in the development of science (some authors even claim that synergetics is equivalent to Einstein’s theory of relativity or quantum mechanics. Thus, the monograph limits itself to the term of synergetics because it is the shortest and is likely to emphasize the collectivity of processes, synergy and the crucial role of synchronization in these processes. Different terms used to describe theories of synergetic processes signify that the scientists of diverse studies highlight either different aspects of the same processes or the manifestations of the same processes at different levels which tend to be called reality. In the first case, the emphasis is either on the collectivity of processes, compatibility, order and synergy or on the collapse of order, which is paradoxically immanent to these processes, chaos and catastrophes. In the second case, the emphasis is either on physical-mathematical aspect or on social and even the humanities. Serious problems of the world view occur in the development of synergetics and in its different interpretations. Some theologians perceive it as the last hope of materialism while others envisage a possibility to enrich theology in it. According to the author of the monograph, synergetics involves the conspicuous striving for the unanimity of science and its universality.Two controversial approaches to the reality are attempted to adopt. The first approach states that the reality is fragmented, chaotic and full of catastrophes; thus, in principle the events cannot be predicted. However, the other approach claims that the reality is unanimous and harmonious and even then when we cannot envisage any causative ties, they still exist. The approaches presented and analyzed in the monograph belong to the study of philosophy but not to the study of science. The goal of the monograph is to reason some old philosophical ideas in the context of major achievements in synergetics. Synergetics suggests quite unexpected explication of them. Thus, the monograph proposes pluralistic monism and a pantheistic model of reality which both are based on the author’s earlier presented conception of systemic determinism. Although the proposals are not the solution to particular problems, they are just one of the possible ways to solve them. This direction of thought is called the synergetic reasoning and is based on the conviction that nondescript behaviour of complex systems submits, on the one hand, to very complex but on the other hand, unanimous processes. Hence, this study aims at revealing these processes and their philosophical interpretations. Part I (Synergetics: Its Origin, Processes and Applications) deals with the issue of the origin and underlying trends of synergetics, synergetic processes and models alongside with the explanation of terms used in synergetics. This part comprises an original model of synergetic processes in time, the regularities of synergetic processes rendered in special literature which provide an explanation for phenomena in the natural world and social environment. Moreover, Part I briefly looks at the usage of synergetic ideas and methods in modern science, technologies, living systems and society.Special attention has been drawn to the possibilities and problems of synergetics to forecast and manage different crises. Part II (Philosophical Problems of Synergetics) takes up the question of the analysis of philosophical problems arising in the context of synergetics. First, it is discussed whether synergetics belongs to the study of science or philosophy. Second, the often declared relation of philosophical postmodernism and synergetics as “postmodern science” is brought into question. Finally, two radically different attitudes of philosophical character implied in synergetic reasoning are highlighted. Ideals of classical science and their analysis in the context of determinism and holism are the focal point for this part. Invoking the synergetic regularities and insights analyzed in Part I, it is attempted consistently to ground the idea that the ideals of classical science proposed by Prigogin are difficult to reconcile with his discovered regularities and especially with the interpretations of synergetics by Haken’s school. In the context of synergetics, the criticism of holism and subjective factor in scientific researches of Popper and Prigogin’s works is questioned. Close attention has been paid to the analysis and criticism of classical conceptions of causality and determinism. It is argued that the processes of synchronization ensuring the synergy of processes allow us to enrich the concept of determinism with one more type of causality, i.e. synchronic causality, which is close to the understanding of correlations. Taking into consideration a culturalogical aspect, the concept of determined chaos is analyzed and revealed that it is close to the concept of chaocosmos with its immanent spontaneity implied in Daoism. [...]. [From the publication]