Bausmę atliekančių nuteistųjų integravimo į darbo rinką prielaidos

LTBausmę atliekantys nuteistieji tam tikrą laiką būna izoliuoti, atitrūksta nuo visuomeninio gyvenimo ir darbo rinkos. Kita vertus, jie dažnai neturi tinkamo išsilavinimo, profesinių įgūdžių, kai kurie apskritai nėra dirbę ar dirbę legaliai. Todėl pataisos įstaigose turi būti siekiama nuteistiesiems sudaryti sąlygas mokytis, įgyti profesiją, dirbti sąlygomis, artimomis darbui laisvėje. Straipsnyje nuteistųjų integravimas į darbo rinką siejamas su išsilavinimo lygiu ir profesiniais įgūdžiais. Tiriamojoje dalyje šiuo aspektu nagrinėjami Socialinių tyrimų, atliktų pataisos įstaigose, išvadų duomenys. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bausmę atliekantys nuteistieji; Integracija; Darbo rinka. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bausmę atliekantys nuteistieji; Integracija; Darbo rinka. Keywords: Sentenced convicts; Integration; Labour market.

ENConvicts serving a sentence are isolated, detached from public life and the labour market for some particular time. They often do not have the right education, professional skills, and some have not worked or worked legally at all. Therefore, correctional institutions must be aimed at creating conditions for convicts to study, acquire a profession, work in conditions close to working conditions in freedom. The article links the integration of convicts into the labour market with the level of education and professional skills. The aim is to assess the preconditions for the integration of convicts serving their time into the labour market. According to the theory, it may be argued that learning and work activities are considered to be the prerequisites for the successful integration of sentencing convicts into the labour market. Learning is considered as even more important than work as it provides additional perspectives on release: the importance of thinking skills, knowledge application, values and change of worldview in the educational process is emphasized here. Emphasis is placed on the pursuit of meaningful, needs-based, integration-valuable work for convicts by creating a good work infrastructure for this purpose and creating appropriate and motivating working conditions. In terms of legal regulation, convicts serving sentences in Lithuania have the opportunity to study in general education institutions, and their learning according to vocational education programs depends on the willingness of convicts themselves and the programs offered. Convicts must work if they are offered (selected) the job by the administration of the correctional facility, which must ensure that the convicts are included in the work, taking into account, as far as possible, the specialty available, the vacancies and jobs.If the administration of a correctional facility with a half-way house does not have any job offers, convicts must find a job themselves; in this case it is not clear how the convicts can do this, how their professional background or work experience is taken into account, etc. The choice of job is also limited by the list of jobs and positions prohibited by the Penitentiary Code of the Republic of Lithuania. A part of the problems should be solved by social workers working in correctional institutions according to the new integration model and the changes provided for in the concept of reform of the re-socialization of convicts in Lithuania. There has been performed an analysis of sub-item 4.3 “Education, training and employment opportunities” of the data of 40 convicted social research findings (selected in 2019 and 2020). The analysis revealed that convicts with secondary and higher education do not use the opportunities for further education in a correctional institution, and about 38% of convicts seek to receive higher education. Convicts are quite active in vocational training (60%) and the most common occupations meet the needs of the labour market. The main reason for not working in a correctional facility is a lack of jobs. About 45 per cent of convicts work during their stay in a correctional facility, however, their work is practically unrelated to their professional training and work experience. The job offers to convicts serving their rime have little to do with their professional abilities, and they are usually offered unskilled work. These aspects show that the unguaranteed job continuity is of little value in terms of integration into the labour market and may not be motivating. Keywords: Sentenced convicts; Integration; Labour market. [From the publication]