Akmenynai - sunykęs lietuviško kraštovaizdžio elementas

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiamas iki visuotinės melioracijos (XX a. viduryje) buvęs Lietuvos paviršiaus akmenuotumas, būdingas moreninėms nuoguloms, kurios dengia 48 % Lietuvos teritorijos (Guobytė, Aleksa, Satkūnas, 2001) ir daliai fliuvioglacialinių nuogulų (11,8 % ) , bet riedulių gausa jose labai nevienoda. Plečiantis žemdirbystei, akmenys kliudė dirbti, todėl iš pradžių itin riedulingi plotai būdavo apeinami, bet, atsiradus dirbamos žemės trūkumui, prisitaikyta ūkininkauti ir čia. Riedulynai buvo neatsiejama Lietuvos kraštovaizdžio dalimi, ypač išryškėjusia agrarinėse teritorijose. Tačiau apie riedulius Lietuvos kraštovaizdyje reikia kalbėti būtuoju laiku, nes ši naudingųjų iškasenų rūšis jau išnaudota, o kraštovaizdžio bruožai kai kur pasikeitę neatpažįstamai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Riedulynai; Riedulių apsauga; Kraštovaizdis. Keywords: Stony places; Boulder protection; Landscape.Reikšminiai žodžiai: 20 amžius; Akmenys; Kraštovaizdis; 20th century; Stones; Landscape.

ENSorted or less sorted glacier left morain material forms around 60 % Lithuanian territory surface, where periglacial processes (more fluvioglacial) influenced very different, so stones are situated in different. When agriculture started stones were balks in agricultural areas, in other aerials, where stones were more frequent, they became a part of agrarian landscape. In some places there are still old names, which can tell about plenty of stones. But these name can't say nothing about stony type - size, richness, area of distribution. After II World War when building material was very needed, stony places were perspective stock mines. It was estimated, that around 64% of all resources (56000 mQ) were found in 26 stony-places, but stony areas were much more larger and draws around 255000 ha of landed property, also less stony places were much more often. During post-war building time, stony resources quickly declined, so in 1959 it was decided to use dolomite break stone for roads building. In that time were started to take care on stones. 8 stony places were declared as geological reserve in 1971, also 2 stony place - in 1988. Mostly stony places were small - up to 5 ha area. Larger were up to 100 ha, very large 100-200 ha and extra-large 200 - 500 ha area.Some studies on stony places can tell us, that such places long ago looked like Scandinavian countries. In other stony places, which were impacted by agrarian activity, stones during 60s-70s were collected into heaps, bursted and exported. During several exploitation years industrial stony resources finally exhausted and from 1978 stones are not included in minerals list of resources. Unfortunately, to talk about stones we can in past time, as this sort of minerals is already expenditured, and landscape features especially in morain plains are changed unrecognizable. Mostly left are antropogenical genesis indicators - churches, campaniles, manor buildings, cemetery fences, thanks to them as we can easily understand stony landscape. The stony place is larger - the often buildings from stones. [From the publication]