Stebėti ir užkardyti. Fotografija Rusijos imperijos teisėsaugoje: lietuviškieji kontekstai

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Stebėti ir užkardyti. Fotografija Rusijos imperijos teisėsaugoje: lietuviškieji kontekstai
Alternative Title:
To Surveil and to prevent. Photography in the judicial system of the Russian Empire: the lithuanian contexts
Authors:
Mulevičiūtė, Jolita
In the Journal:
Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis [AAAV]. 2020, t. 99, p. 26-58. Fotografija: tarpininkės vaidmenys kultūroje = Photography: its roles as an intermediary in culture
Subject Category:
LT
Lietuva (Lithuania); Rusija (Russia); Fotografija / Photography; Medijos / Media; Politinė ideologija / Political ideology; Teisėkūra. Teisės šaltiniai / Legislation. Sources of law; Teisės istorija / History of law.
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje tiriamas teisėsauginės fotografijos tapsmas Rusijos valdytose istorinėse Lietuvos žemėse. Siekiama atsakyti į klausimus, kaip XIX a. keitėsi asmens tapatybės samprata, kokioms Lietuvos gyventojų grupėms caro administracija fotografinės identifikacijos metodą pradėjo taikyti pirmiausia, kas lėmė būtent šių grupių išskyrimą, kaip vizualinė visuomenės priežiūra buvo vykdoma ir kuo Šiaurės vakarų teritorijoje praktikuoti būdai skyrėsi nuo vaizdinės kontrolės kituose Romanovų imperijos regionuose. Kartu aptariamas fotografijos, kaip moralės ir politikos požiūriu pavojingos medijos, statusas bei mėginimas XX a. pradžioje liberalizuoti teisinį jos reglamentavimą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Fotografija; Teisinis reglamentavimas; Medijos; 19 amžius; 20 amžius; Teisėsauga; Asmens tapatybės dokumentai; Identifikacija; Rusijos imperija (Russian Empire); Politika; Photography; Legal regulations; Media; Identity documents; Identification; Lithuania; Russian Empire; Politics; 19th century; 20th century.

ENThe article discusses the emergence of judicial photography in the historical lands of Lithuania under Russian administration. The research covers the period from the 1860s to World War I. It was a time of social shifts in the Russian Empire, when the changing economic and legal basis of communal existence and the increasing migration of people brought the issue of personal identity to the fore. The weakening mechanisms of disciplining an individual, characteristic of class-based public order, began to give way to police methods that could penetrate deeply into the social structure, and, along with these methods, to a new technique of personal identification – photography. In the so-called Northwest Region, the state first used the new visual medium for repressive purposes in suppressing the Polish-Lithuanian uprising of 1863-1864. However, it was not until the turn of the 19th and 20th century that it became a customary instrument of police work. At that time, photographic identification began to be introduced not only in criminology, but also in administrative practices. The visual means of personal identification was above all applied in the fields of public life related to transport, communications, military service and higher education. Photography became an indicator signalling the basic spheres of the state’s strategic interests, on which the power and security of the Romanov empire relied. In the Lithuanian provinces, the principles of visual control over the subjects had not only typical, but also unique features.The circumstance that this territory bordered on the rebellious Kingdom of Poland and the German Empire, which was gaining economic and military power, as well as the fact that it was inhabited by people of different nationalities and faiths, determined the particularly strict approach of the local authorities to the legal regulation of the functions of photography, and specific attention to controlling the representatives of the Catholic Church and persons of Jewish origin. Thus, in this region, visual surveillance included larger groups of inhabitants than in the inner territories of the Russian Empire outside the Pale of Settlement, where Russian Orthodoxy was the dominant religion. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.37522/aaav.99.2020.2
ISSN:
1392-0316
Subject:
Menotyra / Arts
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Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/93648
Updated:
2022-03-16 18:07:09
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