Visada šalia: valstybės vadovų apsauga XIII-XXI a.

• Bukelevičiūtė, Dalia
• Butkus, Zenonas
• Černevičiūtė, Sigita
• Ėmužis, Marius
• Jakubavičienė, Ingrida
• Kilinskas, Kęstutis
• Volungevičius, Vytautas

LTIstorinėje monografijoje septynių autorių kolektyvas atskleidžia Lietuvos vadovų apsaugos istorinę raidą nuo XIII a. iki šių dienų. Aprašoma, kaip kūrėsi valdovo apsauga senojoje, viduramžiais atsiradusioje Lietuvos valstybėje, LDK laikais. Apžvelgiamas periodas, kai Lietuva priklausė Rusijos imperijai ir funkcionavo carinės valdžios apsauga. Daug vietos skirta valstybės pareigūnų apsaugos istorijai Vasario 16-osios Lietuvoje, pirmųjų Lietuvos prezidentų apsaugos detalėms. Atskleidžiama sovietmečio specifika - partizaninis karas ir partizanų vadų apsaugos problematika. Analizuojamas vadovybės apsaugos atsiradimas ir veikla Kovo 11-osios Lietuvoje, Aukščiausiosios Tarybos Apsaugos skyriaus įkūrimo aplinkybės. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Valstybės kontrolė; Valstybės vadovai; Apsauga. [Anotacija knygoje]

ENThe monograph examines the history of the Dignitary Protection Department from the earliest times to the present day. In seven monograph chapters, different authors explore the topics related to the protection of state leaders and places of significance, the structure of institutions, and the history of armaments used by bodyguards. The roots of dignitary protection date back to the state origins. Based on the written sources, such services can be traced back to the times of Lithuanian rulers and their soldiery. The ranks always had comrades in arms who escorted the sovereign and ensured his safety during wars and battles. Sources of the 13th - 15th centuries mention a social group of “leičiai” and their responsibility for the protection of the sovereigns castles and manors. Later sources indicate that the nobility who served in the Grand Duke s regiments had to swear allegiance to the sovereign. From the 14th - 15th centuries, during the initial formation of the Grand Duke's court, the first "security guards" — mercenaries — appeared, which were possibly linked to Vytautas and Kazimieras (namely, Tartars), and later, to Alexander (the Landsknechts and the Swiss). At the end of the 15th century, subsequent to "pacta conventa", the sovereigns guard was initiated, which professionalised and institutionalised the protection service. After the end of 18th century, partitions of the Republic of Both Nations (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) resulted in the destruction of the Lithuanian statehood by the central and Lithuanian-based Tsarist administration, whose security was ensured by the Russian Empire. The most distinguished were the "III Office Division" that emerged in the i86osand the so-called "Okhranka" (the Department for Protecting the Public- Security and Order) that was established at the beginning of the 1880s and was responsible for the safety of the sovereign and his family.The foundations of the modern protection of state leaders in Lithuania were laid on 16 February 1918. In 1933, the "Special Division" of the State Security Department was established to deliver a considerable part of the current functions ascribed to the Dignitary Protection Department and, thus, could be considered its predecessor. Before the "Special Division" was created, the protection of VIPs was ensured by the military or police officers. At the time, assassinations of two ministers (1921) and the Prime Minister (1919) were attempted as organised by politically engaged individuals, who were affected by ideas and terrorist attacks of the 19th century Russian Narodniks and anarchists. The post-war resistance leaders, who defended the continuity and sovereignty of the statehood, had their security service, which was legalised in military statutes and other documents of the partisan movement. The arsenal of security measures ensured the longevity of the movement and helped to neutralise the aggravating effects of conspiracies. The commanders and their bunkers were protected, additional and backup secret sites were established and guarded against the marauding criminals and open provocateurs. The partisan leaders were struck down only by the crushing measures of the totalitarian regime in the form of specialised Soviet intelligence operations that were based on fraud and acts against humanity.The protection of the Soviet Lithuanian administration was ensured by officers of the republican Soviet security unit (NKVD, the 1st Division and the 6th Subdivision of NKGB, the 6th Division of MGB and the Security Division, the 9th Division of MVD, and the 9th KGB Group). In Soviet Lithuania, the dignitary protection services were meant for the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Until the 1960s , all these officials had two security guards each, but at a later stage, the First Secretary became the only protected official. The protection services also covered homes, work and leisure places of the VIPs. For this purpose, the Ministry of the Interior and the militia, which was subordinated to the Ministry, were used. Also, the cooperation with the Ministry of Internal Affairs was important for the effectiveness of the work carried out by KGB. On n March 1990, the first ideas emerged regarding the protection of the leaders of Sąjūdis - the Lithuanian Reform Movement. At the time, "green-bands" of the Liberation Movement were established in Kaunas and Vilnius. All these events, which took place at the end of 1989 and the beginning of 1990, were spontaneous and voluntary. When Sąjūdis won the election in 1990, elected Chairman of the Supreme Council Vytautas Landsbergis was escorted to important meetings. [...]. [From the publication]