Pranešimo rinkliava: iš Lietuvos Metrikos XVI a. pirmosios pusės dokumentų terminijos

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Metrika; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Šaltiniai, istoriniai; Lithuanian metrica; Historical sources.

ENIn the historiography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the arrival levy (Russ. obestka, iavka) is attributed fiscal and policing functions. Such understanding is associated with the peculiarities of the contemporary administrative institutions, and this paper aims at determining the meaning of the term, taking into account its function in particular contexts In the interpretation of customs officials and merchants the institution of the iavka/obestka was part of the general customs procedure. Its financial aspect, usually referred to as a levy in historical sources, is less significant. From the viewpoint of the officials of local administration the iavka/obestka resembles the customs duties of the Grand Duchy in terms of its regulation; sometimes the contemporaries treat these institutions even as identical. Therefore this institution can be conjectured as one of the sources of the origin of the customs duties. In the paper an attempt is made to define the socio-cultural significance of this institution proceeding from the contents of starina, guarded by the inhabitants of a particular locality to emphasize the category of the aliens (to a district, state). For the purpose of interpretation the opposition model 'us versus them' of cultural anthropology is used. The burghers of the chartered towns maintained their own attitude towards the function of the arrival levy. The interest of these towns in the right to control alien merchants was conditioned by the ius emporium, exercised by the towns. At this stage of the research it is difficult to arrive at ultimate conclusions; nevertheless the multiple functionality of the term is obvious. [From the publication]