1791 metų Verkių dvaro inventorius

LTIki šiol nebuvo pakankamai rašytinių duomenų Verkių ansamblio raidos vyskupo Ignoto Juozapo Masalskio (1726–1794) valdymo laikotarpiu tyrimams. Šią spragą iš dalies užpildo 1791 m. Verkių dvaro inventorius, kurio vertimas į lietuvių kalbą čia publikuojamas. Inventorius, pasirašytas vyskupo valdų administratoriaus Kazimiero Hornovskio (1756–1818), surašytas tvarkingai, įrištas kaip atskira knyga. Nors jame neaprašyta centrinė, rezidencinė, pilimi vadinta dvaro dalis, kurią sudarė mūrinių pastatų kompleksas (senieji rūmai, naujieji centriniai rūmai ir dvi šoninės oficinos), jo medžiaga gali būti įdomi ir reikšminga įvairių sričių istorijos tyrimams – dokumentas leidžia naujai pažvelgti ne tik į Verkių architektūrinio ansamblio raidą, bet suteikia žinių ir apie dvarui priklausiusių kaimų ir gyvenviečių, t. y. apie šiaurinių Vilniaus apylinkių, istoriją. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Verkiai; Ignotas Juozapas Masalskis; Laurynas Gucevičius; Kazimieras Hornovskis; Verkiai; Ignacy Jakub Massalski; Wawrzyniec Gucewicz; Kazimierz Hornowski.

ENThe period of Bishop Ignacy Jakub Massalski’s rule (lived in 1726– 1794) had a special importance in the history of the Verkiai Manor. According to Massalski’s agreement with the Vilnius Chapter of 1780, the Verkiai Manor became his patrimony, and a major reconstruction was conducted under the supervision of the architect Wawrzyniec Gucewicz (1753–1798). It is one of the most significant monuments of classicist architecture in Lithuania. Massalski was nominated Bishop of Vilnius in 1762, but the inventory of 1766 (known from a copy of 1806) basically shows the ensemble as it was left by his predecessors only with minor changes. The inventory of the Verkiai folwark of 1776 reflects the changes that were made in the auxiliary part of the estate. The inventory of the Verkiai Manor of 1791, whose translation is presented here, is the most thorough record of the situation of the ensemble at the end of Massalski’s rule. Together with the remains of the archive of this manor, the document is held in the German Federal Archives in Koblenz (Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlass Radziwill, No. 1039). On the initiative of the head of the Mir Castle in Belarus, Dr Olga Popko, in 2016, digital copies of this document along with some other documents from Verkiai were transferred to the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. This publication was prepared on the basis of these documents. The inventory is compiled very neatly and bound as a separate book. The document is signed by the administrator of the bishop’s properties, Kazimierz Hornowski (1756–1818).Regretfully, it should be noted that the central residential part of the manor, the so-called castle, was not described in the inventory. It consisted of a complex of brick buildings: the old manor, the new central manor, and two side servants’ quarters. Apparently for this part of the ensemble, a separate inventory was compiled, which has not been found until today. In the rest of the territory of the manor (excluding the pertaining villages), there were more than 50 buildings (the majority were wooden and stood on brick foundations), and there were also several watermills and inns in the territory. All in all, there were more than ten brick buildings, many of which, reconstructed to a larger or lesser extent, have survived until our days. The document contains particularly important information about the two-storey residential house built above the ice-house, today often called a pavilion. From the inventory we learn about its authentic planning and function, as well as the decoration of separate rooms. The porch had a floor of black fired bricks, the rooms were painted in different colours (e.g., grey, green, pink and white), some of the rooms had ornate painted cornices with friezes, and in some places the ceiling was painted blue. The walls of a study on the first-floor were painted dark, decorated with a painted cornice at the ceiling, the ceiling was painted pink, and a tastefully painted landscape depicting a seaport was hung on one of the walls. There are valuable data on wooden classicist houses, undoubtedly also designed by Gucewicz. All the wooden houses built by Gucewicz had a simple symmetrical plan, were painted ash grey, their roofs (like those of the brick buildings) were painted red, and the façades of all houses had larger or smaller column porticos or recessed loggias with columns. There was an impressive sawmill that stood at the Neris River.surrounded by a gallery of forty-two wooden columns. Characteristically, in Gucewicz’s buildings, a floor of black fired bricks was often laid in auxiliary buildings or porches, the ceiling was often built from lime and gypsum, and plank ceilings and walls were often used as well. Heating was well-planned in the newly-built houses of Verkiai – modern stoves were built (often covered with brown and coffee-brown tiles), in which ash grids and dampers were installed. All chimney stacks converged into a core chimney at the centre of the roof, and in the larger building – into two chimneys. The material of the inventory of 1791 could be interesting and important for historical research in various fields – the document not only allows us to look at the development of the Verkiai architectural ensemble from a new perspective, but also provides information about the history of the villages and settlements that belonged to the manor, i.e. the northern environs of Vilnius. [From the publication]