Stārķis (vācu Storch) latviešu valodas leksikogrāfiskajos avotos

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Gandras; Latvių kalbos žodynai; Patarmės; Stork; Latvian dictionaries; Sub-dialects.

ENThe article provides an insight into the lexicographic sources of the 17th–19th century, as well as the names of the stork included in the K. Mühlenbach and J. Endzelīns’ Latviešu valodas vārdnīca. In the ornithological literature, reliable evidence of the presence of storks in the territory of Latvia can be found from 18th century publications, but it is mentioned that the black stork has been found in Courland even earlier. Latvian historical dictionaries of 17th–19th century contain 15 names with phonetic and morphological versions. G. Mancelius Phraseologia Lettica had already recorded the names žuguris and žuburis, which also appear in most later dictionaries. The common name for stork (borrowed from Middle Low German stork) with its phonetic and morphological variants appears in lexicographical sources in the second half of the 17th century — in K. Fürecker’s dictionary, published only at the end of the 20th century after two different transcripts, in one of which appears stohrks and in the second — stahrks. At the end of the 17th century, it appeared, among other names, in E. Glück’s translations of the Bible. In addition, the names of the stork are found in dictionaries, which coincide with the names of other birds, such as kokadzērve, gārnis, dzēse. Some stork names include bird-specific features, such as klabata, melnsprāklis. The names svētelis and svētputns (svēts putns) reveal a connection with mythological notions. The names žigur- and žīgur- could be a misinterpreted form of J. Lange from žugur-, because no source has been able to state that storks would be called žīgurs. It is the name of a sparrow, which is distributed in a relatively wide area in the north and northeast of Vidzeme, as well as in the north of Latgale.The stork name sandarts recorded in J. Langius dictionary could also be a mistake. Other 17th-19th century dictionaries mention the names bugure, dzēstrs and žugdre. K. Mühlenbach and J. Endzelīns’ Latviešu valodas vārdnīca include almost all the terms for stork in the dictionaries, distinguishing several phonetic and morphological variants in separate entries. A number of occasional or rare names have also been registered, such as cikoniņš, krulla, parkšķis, stērga, stikāns, viesturs. The diversity of stork names indicates a relatively recent nesting of a bird (especially a white stork) in the territory of Latvia, as well as the emergence and motivating features of its names: assimilation of the name to the names of already known birds (dzērve, gārnis, dzēse), inclusion of characteristic features in the name (klabata, melnsprāklis, parkšķis), connection with mythological notions (svētelis, svēts putns). This hypothesis is also confirmed by the fact that the names of the stork mostly do not form compact dialectal areas. [From the publication]

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