Rusijos kariuomenės karininkai ir kareiviai sukilėlių būriuose

LTAktyviausi sukilėlių ginkluoti veiksmai vyko 1863 m. pavasarį ir vasarą. Tradiciškai laikoma, kad pirmasis sukilimo etapas apėmė 1863 m. sausį-kovą, antrasis prasidėjo kovo viduryje ir baigėsi liepą, kai sukilėlių veikla buvo intensyviausia. Antrajame sukilimo etape vien tik Vilniaus gubernijoje būta per 20 stambesnių susirėmimų. 1863 m. birželis buvo sukilėlių ginkluotos kovos intensyvumo kulminacija: iš 62 per visą sukilimo laikotarpį Vilniaus gubernijoje įvykusių mūšių birželį jų buvo net 14337, čia buvo sutelkta daugiausia rusų kariuomenės - iki 70 000 karių338. Vidurvasario sukilėlių kovos buvo sudėtingos, nes vyko itin dažnai, sukilėliai negalėjo pailsėti, tykodavo varginančiose pasalose, kartais buvo persekiojami kelias dienas. Antrajame sukilimo etape kovojo ir buvo paimti į nelaisvę keturi buvę Rusijos kariuomenės karininkai ir kareiviai: Henrikas Makoveckis, Vladislovas Nikoliajus, Kazimieras Sičiu-kas ir Jokūbas Čechanas. Nepaisant to, kad šie keturi jauni vyrai į sukilimą pateko dėl skirtingų priežasčių ir aplinkybių, visi jie susilaukė vienodo likimo - buvo nubausti mirties bausme ir sušaudyti. Sukilėlių kelias į kovotojų už laisvę gretas atskleidžia netikėčiausias ir dramatiškiausias sukilimo peripetijas ir jo dalyvių gyvenimo užkulisius. [Iš straipsnio, p. 93]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Sukilimas, 1863-1864 (Lenkijos ir Lietuvos sukilimas; Sausio sukilimas; January Uprising).

ENThe characters of the fifth chapter are local residents who served in the Russian army and put up armed resistance against the Russian Empire. A son of a landowner, a native of the Cherykau district, Ma-gileu Governorate, Henryk Makowiecki (1836-1863 08 17) was a warrant officer of the Foresters' Corps. From 1862, he served in the Palace of State Resources of the Vilnius Governorate as a forester in reserve: he supervised and measured public forests, and was in charge of the Labanoras forest. He joined the rebels and fought in the detachments of Józef Gasperowicz, the noble of the Lida district Albert Miński (alias Albertus), and the second lieutenant of the mounted artillery of the Russian army Dominik Małecki. He was taken captive together with other rebels on 12 June 1863 in the Vilnius Governorate, Švenčionys district, in the town of Giedraičiai. On August 5, Makowiecki was on trial by the court martial commission at the Vilnius Ordinance House. He testified to the Interrogation Commission for Political Cases that he voluntarily decided to join the uprising, and the court sentenced him to be executed by shooting. On August 17, he was executed in Vilnius, Lukiškių Square. The resident of Vilnius Władysław Nikolai (1836 06 07-1863 09 13) was the only Lutheran among the rebels whose remains were found on Gedimino Hill (all the others were Catholics). His grandfather Jakub Nikolai was a pastor of the Vilnius Evangelical Lutheran church. Władysław and his younger brother Bogusław chose military service, both of them served in the Narva infantry regiment stationed in Vilnius. His brother Stanisław had a photographic studio in Vilnius. Nikolai quit the service to join Ludwik Nar-butt's detachment and was his aide-de-camp.Badly wounded in a battle at Dubičiai on 25 April 1863, he was taken captive. Having been mistaken for Narbutt at first, he was treated at a military hospital for a long time. Officers who had served with him in the Narva infantry regiment helped to disclose his real identity. Nikolai was tried by the court martial commission at the Vilnius Ordinance House, and for defecting from the Russian army was sentenced to death by shooting. The sentence was executed on September 13 in Vilnius, Lukiškių Square. Kazimierz Syczuk( 1827-1863 12 10), a native of the Ringeliai village in the Vilnius district and a former serf of the Keitučiai landlord Adam Kociełł, was recruited to the Russian army. From 1862, he served in the artillery of the Vilnius fortress, and was an ordinary cannoneer. He joined the rebels and fought in the detachments of Medard Koncza and Albertus. Like Henryk Makowiecki, he was taken captive in the battle of Giedraičiai on 12 June 1863, where he was wounded. At first he managed to hide his identity, and was interrogated and tried as an illiterate peasant Kazimierz Sacewicz, recruited into the detachment by force. On July 2, the court martial at the headquarters of the 2nd infantry division sentenced him to four years of service in penal battalions. Yet when it was revealed that he was the private Syczuk who had defected from the Vilnius fortress artillery, he was tried for the second time. On 14 October 1863, the court martial commission at the Vilnius Ordinance House accused Syczuk of defection from military service, loss of army ammunition, treason for joining the Polish rebels, fighting in the battles against the Russian army, and hiding his true identity when taken captive. On December 5, a temporary court martial commission confirmed the sentence. On December 10, Syczuk was executed by shooting in Vilnius, Lukiškių Square.A descendant of peasant serfs of the Nemėžis village, Vilnius district, Jakub Czechan (ca. 1835-1864 01 13) was recruited into the army and took part in the Crimean war of 1853-1856. In 1862, he was appointed to serve as a private to the Vilnius home guard battalion, but defected and joined the rebels. He fought in Poznański's, Edward Sosinowicz's and Gustaw Czechowiczs (Ostoja) detachments, and was taken captive during the battle with the Russian army in the Rūdninkai forest at Inklėriškės on 19 October 1863. During interrogation he confessed that he joined the rebels voluntarily. On 11 December 1863, the court martial commission at the Vilnius Ordinance House sentenced Czechan to death by shooting for defecting from the army, joining the rebels and putting up armed resistance to the government. He was executed on 13 January 1864 in Vilnius, Lukiškių Square. [From the publication p. 208]