Interjero karalienė: Europos kultūros reiškiniai Klaipėdos krosnių kokliuose XIV-XVIII a.

LTŠi knyga archeologiniu aspektu nagrinėja bendrą kultūrinį viduramžių ir naujųjų laikų Europos miestų koklinių krosnių reiškinį Klaipėdoje, lėmusį technologiškai pažangesnes būsto šildymo permainas, keitusį privačią erdvę ir atliepusį kultūrines, politines, ideologines XIV–XVIII a. aktualijas. Šioje knygoje siekiama atsakyti į klausimus, kada namų šildymo koklinėmis krosnimis praktika buvo adaptuota Klaipėdoje ir kokios tam buvo socialinės ekonominės sąlygos? Kokį pokytį lėmė keramikos dirbtuvių steigimas, jų produkcija vietinei rinkai ir kaip jos vystėsi laiko perspektyvoje? Kokiais pavidalais viduramžių ir naujųjų laikų kultūrinio, politinio lauko žinios pateko į krosnių koklius ir kokios reikšmės adaptuotos privačioje erdvėje? Ar nedidelio miesto bendruomenė buvo nuovoki ir atvira europinėms permainoms koklininkystės srityje, ar jų pasirinkimą veikė lokalūs savitumai, o gal tiesiog pragmatiškumas ir kaip jis pastebimas? Kokie bruožai leidžia kalbėti apie koklinių krosnių raidą, nusistovėjusias tradicijas ir kada pasireiškė ikiindustrinė koklinių krosnių nykimo tendencija?. [Anotacija knygoje]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kokliai; Klaipėda; Krosnys; Kultūra; Užsienio ryšiai.

ENThis book offers an analysis of the expression of the European phenomenon of tile stoves in Klaipėda between the 14th and the 18th centuries. The following main issues are addressed in this work: when heating innovation using tile stoves was adapted in Klaipėda and what socioeconomic conditions were in place for that development? Why were tile stoves superior to other heating technologies and in what ways did they change? What do we know about local craftsmen, their production and places of manufacture? What cultural phenomena are recognisable in the stove tile iconography? Did tile stoves in Klaipėda feature any local idiosyncrasies or did they follow European trends? What conditions required updating the stoves and which samples illustrate human pragmatism? At what period did the pre-industrial trend of decline of ceramic stoves set in? A primary source for the research includes the stove tiles (ca 22 000) collected in Klaipėda between 1968 and 2016, now in stock at the Lithuania Minor History Museum, and archaeological investigation reports (196). For the purpose of sys-temising the source material, an analysis was done of different types of tiles and samples of iconography; the significance of enclosed objects, the waste from pottery workshops, tiles from stove find places and from post-fire layers, was brought into focus. The topographical changes of Klaipėda afforded the comparison of the material based on the three historical urban areas. The oldest one is the present-day Klaipėda castle site, which included the Memelburg castle erected in 1252 and the medieval urban core that developed next to the castle. In the course of the Klaipėda Castle reconstruction in the early 16th century, the town relocated to an island between the New (the present) and the Old (on the present Didžioji Vandens street) Dangė riverbeds (hereinafter referred to as the city island).It was encompassed by the suburbs: the suburb of Odų Lane, renamed to Friedrich City in the late seventeenth century, which had emerged as the Castle possession from the 16 century, was situated on the left bank of the Old Dangė River. The area was used for business activities in the 16th century and, starting with the 17th century, it underwent an active development. Multicultural environment had emerged and foreigners not subject to city jurisdiction settled here. In 1722, when the old riverbed was filled up, Friedrich City was linked to the city island. Due to the paucity of archaeological materials, the situation of historical Krūmamiestis and Vitės suburbs was not afforded a more in-depth examination, only some specimen of tiles were used for comparative purposes. The concept of this book has been inspired by two key components: 1) a single-case study and 2) reflective approach. By applying different methods of tile research (stratigraphic, typological, stylistic, iconographic, dactyloscopic, traseological, chemical, microscopic, and comparing with the data from other European cities, the following issues were examined: 1) the stove genesis; 2) the stove tile morphology; 3) the iconography; 4) the stove tile manufacture issues; 5) the background of socioeconomic and cultural influences. The available archaeological data do not allow confirmation whether the innovation of tile stoves was immediately brought by the Teutonic Order, which laid the foundation of Memelburg in 1252. The oldest deep vessel tiles date to no earlier than the mid to the late fourteenth century Judging from the morphological characteristics of the tiles, the first tile stoves in Klaipėda were thick-walled, able to store heat for a long time. The scarcity of tiles evidences to their low prevalence. Fireplaces and heat storage hypocausts were still in use in the Castle. [...]. [From the publication]

• Archeologija / Archaeology
• Istorija / History