Draugystė. Draugų bendrijų konstravimo ir planavimo formos mieste

LTŠioje monografijos dalyje siekiama atskleisti, kaip draugystę Vilniuje suvokia šiuolaikinis žmogus ir kokiais būdais ji veikia kasdieniame gyvenime. Siekdami minėtojo tikslo, išsikeliame uždavinius: 1) pažvelgti į draugystės sampratos kaitą istorinėje perspektyvoje; 2) aptarti laisvalaikio erdves Vilniaus mieste; 3) paanalizuoti draugų kartu leidžiamą laiką laisvalaikiu skirtingų kartų perspektyvoje; 4) išskirti sovietmečiu ir šiomis dienomis draugų bendravimą išryškinančias, pažyminčias svarbiausias šventes; 5) aptarti etninių ir valstybinių švenčių sąveiką ir jos teikiamas galimybes susiburti nedominuojančių etninių ir konfesinių grupių draugams; 6) panagrinėti virtualią draugystę. [Iš straipsnio, p. 200]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vilnius; Miesto kultūra; Draugystė; Draugų bendrijos; Vilnius; Urban culture; Friendship; Communities of friends.

ENIn daily life we usually use the words “friend” or “friendship”, giving these words an endless array of meanings. I agree with Amit Desai and Evan Killick that the concept of friendship is rather hard to define, while the ways in which friendships are constructed in different social worlds are difficult to understand both for the people in the friendly relationship and the scientists studying this phenomenon. It is commonly accepted that in Western society, friendship is not related to the system of blood relations or other formal social relations, but is the result of individuals’ own inclinations and choices, an altruistic and mutually supportive form of behaviour. Agreeing with this kind of definition of friendship, in this part of the study the concept of friendship is used as the social relations between two friends of the same gender, leaving aside any romantic or intimate relationships between people of different or the same genders. Here the aim is to reveal how friendship in Vilnius is understood by the modern person and the ways it functions in daily life. To achieve this aim, the following objectives are raised: to review changes to the concept of friendship over the course of history; to discuss the spaces dedicated to leisure time in Vilnius; to analyse the leisure time spent among friends from the perspective of different generations; to distinguish the main celebrations from the Soviet period and today that highlight/draw attention to time spent with friends; to discuss the interaction of ethnic and state celebrations and the opportunities they provide for friends from non-dominant ethnic and confessional groups to come together; and to analyse virtual friendships. The research methodology used included questionnaires, semi-structured and free interviews, observation and the analysis of manuscript published and online sources.The variety of methods used in the research was due to the relatively complicated nature of the topic, expressed as the variety of concepts of friendship and leisure time, as well as the historical perspective which also includes the Soviet period. The author collected material over several stages. The questionnaire “Communities of friends, and ways they are constructed and maintained in the city” was given to older people in 2012-2016 in order to compare the attitudes towards friendship of two generations, as well as the leisure time spent and celebrations marked among friends. A total of 55 respondents were engaged in semi-structured interviews based on this questionnaire, and 20 unstructured interviews were conducted on the topic of Karaim celebrations, as well as conversations about computer games and similar themes, which were only briefly mentioned in the actual questionnaire. A distinction was made between two generations of respondents, the older ones being born before 1969. In order to supplement the data on how celebrations were marked by the younger generation, an additional questionnaire was compiled, called “Communities of friends, and ways they are constructed and maintained in the city (celebrations)”, which was completed by 40 people. The ages of these respondents ranged from 13 to 37 (almost three quarters of this group were young people aged 18-23). In order to supplement and compare data about Soviet celebrations, material collected based on A. Vyšniauskaitės questionnaire from 1981 “Party (gathering) culture, music, songs and dances” was used, where 51 Vilnius 8th-10th grade students from the M. K. Čiurlionis School of Arts and 15 students from Vilnius attending the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences were surveyed.In the analysis of modern celebration rituals, field research material collected by students of the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in 2005, 2007 and 2008 under the topic of “Expression of teenage and youth communities and mutual interaction: the ethnic, sub-culture and local aspects“. Eighty-seven respondents were surveyed, most of whom were born in 1981-1985. As part of the research, festivals and events in Vilnius city were also attended, photographic and video material, Facebook accounts and other online and published sources and studies were analysed that could describe leisure time celebrations among friends. Below is an account of how the objectives for achieving the set goals of this research were met. [Extract, p. 297-299]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Sociologija / Sociology