Bendradarbių laisvalaikis. Miestiečių bendrijų formavimasis ir kultūrinė raiška

LTŠioje monografijos dalyje siekiama pasitelkiant diachroninę perspektyvą (lyginant sovietmečio ir dabartinių organizacijų atvejus) nustatyti kultūrinę miestiečių raišką tiriant bendradarbių bendrijose konstruojamą laisvalaikį socialiniu kultūriniu aspektu. Siekiant šio tikslo keliami uždaviniai: atsakyti į klausimus, kaip vilniečiai suvokia laisvalaikį ir bendradarbių bendriją; tirti, kaip pasireiškia asmeninės darbinio ir šeiminio ciklų progos; analizuoti oficialiųjų švenčių, progų formalųjį ir neformalųjį šventimą su bendradarbiais bei profesinės dienos fenomeną; nustatyti kasdienių ritualų, kultūrinio ir aktyvaus poilsio vietą bendradarbių bendrijose; aiškintis, kaip minėtoji veikla atspindi socialinius bendrijų santykius, atskleisti jų tąsą laiko perspektyvoje ir tai, kaip vilniečiai vertina tokį laisvalaikį. [Iš straipsnio, p. 113]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vilnius; Miesto kultūra; Bendradarbių laisvalaikis; Šeima; Miesto bendruomenės; Tradicijos; Vilnius; Urban culture; Collaborators' free time; Co-workers’ leisure; Family; Urban communities; Traditions.

ENThis chapter of the monograph seeks to determine over a diachronic perspective the cultural expression of the urban community - leisure time constructed among co-workers’ communities. The objectives raised are as follows: to find out how residents of Vilnius understand leisure time and a co-workers’ community; to examine how personal job and family cycle occasions are expressed; to analyse the phenomenon that is the formal and informal celebration of official celebrations and occasions with co-workers and the professional days phenomenon; to determine the position of everyday rituals, and cultural and active relaxation in co-workers’ communities; to explain how the mentioned activities reflect social relations in these communities and to reveal their continuity over the perspective of time and to see how Vilnius residents rate this type of leisure time. This study involved fieldwork (questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation), and a review of archive and online sources and literature. The literature review showed that in Lithuania, research about the leisure time of Vilnius co-workers’ communities had not yet been conducted. Mostly older respondents born before 1970 who were Lithuanian, Catholic and mostly women were surveyed as part of the field research. Respondents were employed at various workplaces: in state and private offices, they could be directors or ordinary employees from both large and smaller collectives, and some had worked at several different companies. The varied experiences of respondents revealed the multi-faceted work context according to the selection of profession and workplace and affected the assessment.Half of those surveyed chose their profession independently (of their own choice), the others were either influenced by their close ones or ended up in their profession due to the circumstances at the time (not wanting to live at home, not wanting to be separated from friends, missing out on being accepted to their desired higher education course or specialisation, or other unforeseen circumstances). After their studies, some respondents found employment by participating in practical work experience at a given workplace. Some respondents did not undertake higher education studies because they had to work. Most of those surveyed were employed according to their specialisation and considered themselves professionals, some had acquired their professionalism by spending many years working at one workplace and only a small number said that they had not worked according to their qualification but according to their abilities and by choosing to do what they liked - there were twice as many men in the latter group. Stability in terms of workplace was very noticeable among the respondents (especially among the older ones), as they were pleased with their workplace and saw no reason to change anything. A somewhat larger group of respondents had changed places of employment - either for seeking a better wage or better work conditions (usually young respondents). There were some who had no firm opinion as to whether they were pleased or not - they just worked and that was it. When choosing employment, the respondents mentioned their guiding criteria, of which the most frequent was doing a job they liked and a good wage, also, a significant number indicated being part of a good collective. Thus, the residents of Vilnius that were surveyed were representatives of both success and failure in their professions, and people working in jobs they had consciously chosen or ones they had been driven into due to specific circumstances.The analysis of the construction of leisure time among coworkers first involved ascertaining how Vilnius residents understood a co-workers’ community and leisure time. In an emic sense, the concept of a co-workers’ community was first of all a group of people working together, operating like a good team who could communicate with one another closely and directly. When social networks at workplaces are close, often also being noted for their longevity, co-workers’ communities form (informal networks) which the respondents likened to relations between family or friends. Location was also an important element, or more precisely, the culture at the organisation where the personal characteristics, likes and goals of the people working there are revealed, or are dampened (most likely depending on the formal culture that has eventuated or formed there). According to the answers given by respondents, the boundary of the concept of “leisure time” is drawn in relation to activities: work, i.e., the position for which one receives a wage, and other activities one engages in after work, a hobby or time for oneself (which involved passive relaxation). This boundary can be re-qualified as the boundary that eventuates given a certain set of relations in the community: with close ones (family, friends, like-minded people) and with others (co-workers). However, after the interviews (during the field research), a number of respondents were surprised that it appears leisure time can be spent with co-workers as well. [Extract, p. 289-292]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Sociologija / Sociology