Teorinės įžvalgos dėl perdraudimo veiklos svarbos

LTNors perdraudimo veiklos ištakomis galima laikyti 1370 m., ši veikla XXI amžiuje vis dar yra aktuali. Įvertinus perdraudimo veiklos svarbą šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje, šiame straipsnyje pateikiamos teorinės įžvalgos apie perdraudimo veiklą. Pritaikius mokslinės literatūros sisteminimo, lyginamosios analizės, kokybinės turinio analizės ir atvejo analizės metodus, pateikiamos teorinės perdraudimo veiklos interpretacijos. Atlikus minėtą analizę, išsiaiškinta, kad perdraudimo veiklos svarba yra akivaizdi tiek pirminiam draudikui, tiek perdraudikui. Žinoma, atsižvelgiant perdraudimo formą, grupės ir rūšies sutarties sąlygos bei pirminio draudiko ir perdraudiko įsipareigojimai gali skirtis, tačiau vis tiek siekiama suderinti draudiko portfelį ir didinti draudimo pajėgumą, norint apsisaugoti nuo galimų katastrofinių įvykių. Viena iš šių tikslų siekimo priemonių ir yra perdraudimo veikla. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Finansinis perdraudimas; Neprivalomasis perdraudimas; Perdraudimas; Privalomasis perdraudimas; Compulsory reinsurance; Financial reinsurance; Optional reinsurance; Reinsurance.

ENThe origins of reinsurance activities can be considered to be 1370. Nevertheless, reinsurance activities are still relevant in the 21st century. Assessing the importance of reinsurance activities in the modern world, this article provides theoretical insights into reinsurance activities. The aim of this research is to identify the key aspects that define the importance of reinsurance activities. The author of the article uses these methods: systematisation of scientific literature, comparative analysis, and case method. The paper is composed of five main sections. The first part of the article is devoted to the concept and history of reinsurance activities. This chapter analyses the concept of reinsurance activities, details the relationship between the primary insurer, the reinsurer and the policyholder, and analyses participants in the reinsurance market. It confirms that the reinsurance can be understood as a contact established between the primary insurer and the reinsurer, when the risk assumed by the primary insurer, or part of it, is transferred to the reinsurer. In other words, reinsurance activities cannot exist without reinsurance between the buyer and the seller, who have an appropriate legal relationship guaranteeing indemnity to the policyholder (in the event of an insured event), if insolvency is signed.In the second section, the importance of reinsurance activity is identified. As is well known, the prosperity of insurance companies is affected by the existence of reinsurance: an insurance company has the possibility to transfer part of its risk to another insurance company, reducing the risk in doing so. It can be concluded that the main aspects of the importance of reinsurance activities are reflected in six main consequences of reinsurance activities: an increase in the insurance company’s performance and capacity; continuity of business in the event of catastrophes; the acquisition and sale of information; the possibility to terminate insurance activities in a certain insurance group or territory; ‘macro-achievements’. The third part of the article is devoted to compulsory reinsurance. There is a sufficiently detailed classification of compulsory reinsurance by reinsurance groups (proportional, disproportionate) and by type of insurance (partial, excess, risk, contract, contingency, amount of loss). The choice of a particular type of compulsory reinsurance presupposes an appropriate relationship, and compliance with the terms of the contract between the original insurer and the reinsurer. The fourth chapter focuses on optional reinsurance. It is established that the choice of a particular type of optional reinsurance presupposes an appropriate relationship, and compliance with the terms of the contract between the original insurer and the reinsurer.The fifth part of the article is devoted to financial reinsurance. To summarise financial reinsurance, although financial reinsurance is a relatively new form of reinsurance, an analysis of the classification of financial reinsurance by type and type suggests that there is a sufficiently detailed classification. It is clear that the choice of a particular type of financial reinsurance presupposes an appropriate relationship, and compliance with the terms of the contract between the original insurer and the reinsurer. The analysis reveals that the importance of reinsurance activities is obvious to both the primary insurer and the reinsurer. Of course, depending on the form, group and type of reinsurance contract used, the terms and obligations of the primary insurer and the reinsurer may differ; but the goal remains to balance the insurer’s portfolio, increase insurance capacity, and protect against possible catastrophic events. One of the means to achieve these goals is the application of reinsurance activities. [From the publication]