Amatininkai, architektai ir dailininkai LDK valdovų dvare

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Amatininkai; Architektai; Dailininkai; Dvaras; 16 amžius; Meno istorija; Sąskaitų knygos; Valdovai; Valdovo dvaras Vilniuje; Architects; Artisans; Artists; Ledgers; Manor; Monarchs; Painters; The Art history; The Lithuanian XVI c. history; The ruler's manor in Vilnius.

ENThe article discusses the contingent of artisans and artists working in the Vilnius Royal Court in the 16th century. Most abundant available data is about the reign of Žygimantas Augustas (1543-1572). The appendix contains a list of Vilnius artisans, artists and architects including names of persons of a few categories: working in the Vilnius Royal Court for a stable pay and part-time workers for special privileges (servitores Sacrae Regiae Maiestatis). Professions in original languages are indicated as well as the years of service. The list was compiled mostly based on unpublished Royal Court Accounts stored in Warsaw (Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych). As in the 16th century the Grand Duchy of Lithuania already had a common sovereign with Poland, many problems arise while investigating the personal composition of the Royal Court. The two countries united by personal union preserved individual institutions and treasuries. The King and Grand Duke who ruled two states had two Royal Courts: the Lithuanian and the Polish ones. Salaries to artisans working at the Polish court were paid from the Polish treasury and salaries to artisans working in Lithuania (mostly in Vilnius) were paid from the Lithuanian treasury. The Polish researchers who published information about the Žygimantas Augustas’ court did not emphasise this circumstance. They took it for granted that the artisans and artists mentioned in Žygimantas Augustas’.accounts were servants of the Polish Royal Court. Yet this was not true in practice. Most of masters working in the Lithuanian Royal Court integrated in Vilnius, received privileges, had their homes in the city and were Vilnius citizens. They were predecessors of famous Vilnius artisan dynasties. Other artists, as for example Giacomo Caraglio who for some time worked in Vilnius, later moved to Krakow or returned to Italy. Žygimantas Augustas usually hired foreign artisans: Germans, Italians, Hungarians, and Dutchmen. The servants of the court (coachmen, wheelwrights and blacksmiths) natives of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (amilia ex domibus) were successors of local tradition. Žygimantas Augustas more often resided in Vilnius than in Krakow. In terms of national composition, the contingent of artisans in his court was neither Lithuanian nor Polish. Different cultural traditions were intertwined in his Royal Court. The article presents new material about famous artists Giovanni da Monte and Anton Wiede and armourers Florian Sibenbirger, Valentinus Sibenbirger and Michaelis Etrich whose works have been preserved in the Italian, German and Polish museums and enrich the history of the Lithuanian Renaissance. The published material shows that the prestige of permanently residing court produced a great influence on the multicultural traditions of the citizens. [From the publication]

• Menotyra / Arts
• Istorija / History