Ženklas vietoj kūno. Eucharistijos sakramento apibrėžimas ankstyvuosiuose Lietuvos reformatų katekizmuose
LTKatekizmas, kaip bažnytinės literatūros žanras ir religinės sąmonės rekonstrukcijos šaltinis, lietuvių kultūros ir literatūros istorijoje beveik nenagrinėtas. Šio straipsnio tikslas - pristatyti pagrindinius XVI-XVII amžių Lietuvos reformatų katekizmus lenkų ir lietuvių kalbomis aptariant juose apibrėžtą Eucharistijos sampratą. Eucharistijos arba Švč. Vakarienės (dar - Paskutinės vakarienės) sakramento suvokimo skirtumai buvo esminiai dogmatiniai skirtumai, neleidę susivienyti evangeliškosioms Lietuvos DK bažnyčioms. Šis sakramentas buvo ir pagrindinė XVI amžiaus Lietuvos religinės polemikos tema, kurios idėjos raiškiai reprezentavo skirtingas religingumo formas ir mentaliteto ypatumus. XVI amžiuje sakramentų samprata tapo pagrindiniu krikščioniškųjų bendruomenių skiriamuoju bruožu, todėl ir katekizmuose šiam klausimui skirtas ypatingas dėmesys. [Iš straipsnio, p. 104]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bažnytinė literatūra; Eucharistijos sakramentas; Katekizmai; Katekizmas; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos reformatai; Catechism; Catechisms; Ecclesiastical literature; Lithuanian Reformed Church; The Sacrament of the Eucharist.
ENThe article deals with the conception and definition of the Eucharist in the reformed Catechisms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th and 17th centuries. The conception of the Eucharist was the most important point of religious polemics during the period of Reformation in Lithuania. It was mainly the problems of Eucharist that did not allow to unite the different protestant Churches in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Catechisms of the Reformed Church were published in Lithuania in 1553-1554 in Polish indicating the beginning of permanent book publishing history in Lithuania. Despite that Catechisms are poorly investigated as the genre of religious literature as well as specific source of the history of mentality and the history of ideas. The reasons of such ignorance are connected with difficulties to study of the unique survived copies of different Catechisms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in various libraries of Sweden, Poland, Switzerland and Lithuania. The first Catechism of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania published in 1553-1554 in the presscr of Mikalojus Radvilas the Black in Brast (Brest) was protestant but could not be clearly defined as Lutheran or Reformed. Also the definition of the Eucharist was quite generous to both Lutherans and Calvinists. In 1581 the first orthodox Catechism of the Reformed Church was published in Vilnius and repeated later in 1594, 1598, and 1600. Here the common to the European Reformed Church term "sign" was used defining the Eucharist. The first Lithuanian reformed Catechism, prepared by Merkelis Petkevičius, was literary translation from this Catechism of Vilnius of 1594 (the same text in 1581).Finally the Catechism of Lubcz (about 1620) was prepared and published. This publication presented the small and the great Catechisms and could be called as starting a third period in the preparation of Reformed catechisms in Lithuania. The "correct" definition of the Eucharist in these Catechisms was based on the Catechism of Heidelberg (1553). The corrections made in the second Catechism in Lithuanian published in "Knyga nobažnystės krikščioniškos" (The Book of the Christian Devotion) in Kėdainiai (1653) was also based on the Catechism of Lubcz. [From the publication]
