Žemės reforma Lietuvoje 1919-1940 m. : analizuojant Rytų ir Vidurio Europos agrarinės raidos XX a. III-IV dešimtmečiais tendencijas

LTŽemės reformos, Rytų Pabaltijo valstybėse vykdytos 1919–1940 m., istorikus domina nuo seno. Tai neatsitiktina. Žemė visuomet yra svarbiausias valstiečio rūpestis. Agrarinėse šalyse, kokios buvo Lietuva, Latvija ir Estija, žemės klausimas paprastai būna ir vienas pagrindinių politinės kovos objektų. Nagrinėti žemės reformas, kaip valstybės agrarinės politikos sudėtinę dalį, svarbu ne vien šią konkrečią problemą gvildenant. Socialinių santykių žemės ūkyje raida stipriai veikė socialinius ir politinius procesus apskritai. [Iš teksto, p. 7]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Rytų Pabaltijo valstybės; Lietuvos žemės ūkis; Žemės reforma; Žemės ūkio modernizavimas; Gyventojų socialinė sudėtis; Žemės ūkio gamyba; Žemėvalda; Valstiečiai; Žemės teisė; Eastern Baltic States; Lithuanian agriculture; Land reform; Modernization of agriculture; Social composition of the population; Agricultural production; Land management; Pesants; Land law.

ENThe Land Reform of 1919–1940 (often referred to as the reform of 1922–1940 or just 1922) has received extremely broad coverage in Lithuania. However, as is often the case, it is mainly the most concrete subjects that have been discussed, based solely on Lithuanian material. This is not to say that no effort has been made to relate it to ongoing processes in the wider region, or that comparison with other states was deliberately avoided. Yet clearly until now more detailed research has not been pursued. Nevertheless, Lithuanian government officials as well as agricultural specialists (often one and the same person) kept a close eye on the agricultural policies of their neighbours in nearby countries and also further abroad. There is no doubt that this lack of detailed studies is due largely to the generally restricted outlook of the specialists in agrarian history (with some exceptions), who worked in Lithuania after 1940. However, this is not the only reason. It is also true that before 1940 there were hardly any attempts to go further in this direction. It still remains to account for this situation and to try and fill the obvious gaps in historiography. However, certain the basic points can ahead be discussed. In the aftermath of World War I the refurbishment of the agrarian infrastructure was a major concern in Eastern Europe, in the newly created states. During 1918–1922 nearly all the countries in the region passed land reform acts and started to implement them. The earliest attempts on land reform appeared in Romania and Yugoslavia. An amendment to Article 19 of the Romanian Constitution was made in Bucharest on April 19, 1917, stipulating the possibility, should public necessity arise, of expropriating and redistributing land. By the decree of December 29, 1918, of the total 2.224.588 ha, mostly held by landowners, was nationalised and distributed to peasants (with the right of disposal). [...]. [From the publication]

• Ekonomika / Economics
• Istorija / History