Blogio simbolika Icchoko Mero ir Leonardo Gutausko romanuose

LTBlogio problematiką ir jo patirtis Icchoko Mero romanuose "Ant ko laikosi pasaulis", "Sara" ir Leonardo Gutausko romane "Šešėliai" įprasmina literatūriškai įtaigi simbolių kalba, simbolinio mąstymo ir vaizduotės poetika. Simbolikos sampratai pasitelkiama Paulio Ricoeuro teorija, padedanti rekonstruoti mitinę, filosofinę, istorinę blogio semantikos reprezentaciją. Straipsnis atnaujina dviejų lietuvių autorių recepciją, įgalina geriau suprasti konkretaus kūrinio semantiką ir poetiką. Tyrimas naujas ir lyginamuoju požiūriu. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Blogis; Icchokas Meras; Išpažinimas; Kaltė; Leonardas Gutauskas; Mitas; Religija; Romanas; Semantika; Simbolis; Confession; Evil; Guilt; Icchak Mer; Icchokas Meras; Leonardas Gutauskas; Myth; Novels; Religion; Romanas; Semantics; Symbol.

ENThe aim of the article is to understand and analyse symbolism of evil appearing in the novels by Icchokas Meras and Leonidas Gutauskas with reference to Paul Ricoeur’s theory. The research method is the analysis of literary mythopoetic. The philosopher calls any structure of meaning a symbol in which the direct, primary and literary meaning, due to its surplus, points to the secondary (indirect, figurative) one. Paul Ricoeur sees both hierophanic and oneiric nature of a symbol in a cosmic, as well as in poetical symbol. Evil understood as a part of the history of being by Paul Ricoeur is ontologically important to reflecting over the whole human existence and in Lithuanian prose it often emerges in the shape of a repetitive symbolic narrative, imagination or particular images. On the basis of the concept of evil symbolism, the following questions are raised in the present article: what notional structure of evil do the phenomena of foulness, sin and guilt occurring in novels have; which discourse of evil is dominant: ethical, religious or semantic existential; what myths of the origin of evil emerge in novels; what is the meaning of the main bypass of symbols in revealing the phenomenon of ill-will; what specific images embody symbolism of evil? Symbolism of evil is represented by the structure of the work, such particular images and motifs as a trial, dream, water, archetypes of motherhood and intercourse, one's own and stranger’s categories, such actions as murder and rape, experience of neglect, loneliness, betrayal and guilt, the virtues of devotion and responsibility, poetics of ritual and silence in Icchokas Meras’ novels "Ant ko laikosi pasaulis" [What the World Rests On] (1965) and "Sara" (1991). Evil is related to human will in the novels by Icchokas Meras. On the other hand, the concept of evil as a primary conflict - before a human being appeared - can be detected in his novels too.The ritual of confessional writing (confessions) is one of the prime representations of evil symbolism in Leonardas Gutauskas' novel "Šešėliai" [Shadows] (2001). It is realised by a human word and God’s silence developing into a form of a conversation, consciousness of guilt revealing itself in the presence of God and other persons, water and other images of nature, the ritual of confession is crowned with such other rituals as travel, sacred supper and the placing the cross. The ethical vision of evil and its religious discourse prevail in the novel emphasizing the role of free human will in evil symbolism. The great myths of the beginning and ending are revealed in nature and other images, the symbolic imagination of the beginning and ending of certain life, childhood and death in the discussed novels. Starting with manifestations of foulness, a dynamic interaction of sin and guilt can be found in the novels. Evil symbolism and particularly experience of guilt build tension and dramatism of the living time of one or another character and other people related to them in the novels, it allows to literary and life intensity of good and bad entity to be experienced more strongly. [From the publication]