Lietuvos ankstyvosios bronzos laikotarpio simboliai laidojimo tradicijoje

LTStraipsnyje analizuojami archeologiniai duomenys iš 1987-1992 m. tyrinėtų Kretuono 1C gyvenvietėje (Švenčionių r., Rytų Lietuva) aptiktų palaidojimų, kurie yra glaudžiai susiję su ankstyvosios bronzos laikotarpio mirusiųjų laidojimo tradicija. Šios gyvenvietės inventorius ir joje aptikti žmonių galvų palaidojimai yra būdingi 2000-1675 m. pr. Kr. vėlyvosios Narvos kultūros gyventojams. Žmonių laidojimo ypatumai ir juose aptiktas inventorius yra betarpiškai susijęs su ankstyvosios bronzos gyventojų dvasine kultūra. Manoma, kad Kretuono 1C gyvenvietės bendruomenės nariams, po mirties, pagal užimamą socialinę padėtį ir ūkinę veiklą, jų laidojimo atvejais, kaip įkapės buvo panaudojami tam skirti dirbiniai: žmones, gyvūnus vaizduojančios figūrėlės, kurios buvo jų tikėjimų atributai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ankstyvasis bronzos amžius; Archeologija; Archeologiniai radiniai; Bronzos amžius; Laidojimo papročiai; Lietuvos istorija; Palaidojimai; Simboliai; Vėlyvoji Narvos kultūra, Rytų Lietuva; Įkapės; Archaeological finds; Archaeology; Burial customs; Burials; Early Bronze Age; East Lithuania; Late Narva culture; Shroud; Symbols; The Bronse Age; The Lithuanian history.

ENHaving analysed the archaeological data of the investigation of the burial site at Kretuonas 1C Settlement (Švenčionys district), the interpretation of this community’s spiritual culture became possible. Two different burial methods employed by two different communities, those of the Late Narva and the Corded Ware cultures, existed in the territory of Lithuania during the Early Bronze Age. In the first method the funeral rites occurred inside the settlement and included the performance of complex rituals: after severing the deceased individual's head, it was broken up and buried together with amulet pendants in shallow pits near the former hearths. On the basis of the amulets (e.g. those depicting a human, a domestic animal, or a wild animal) discovered in the burials, it is possible to state that the Kretuonas 1C Settlement's community was not homogeneous; it resembled an economic system that was moving from a hunter-gatherer economy to a production economy, changed, and different symbols existed on their ideological plane. One set of amulets-symbols (the human (male) was related to an Ancestor cult, the continuity of the community. The second set consisted of amulets-symbols that were associated with animal husbandry (sheep, twin animal figurines in burials) and were related to fertility and the renewal of life, they reflected the ideology of an animal breeder, which had formed in the community. The third set consisted of amulets-symbols that were associated with hunting (deer, wild animal teeth). In the second burial method, the dead of the Corded Ware culture community were interred on their sides in a flexed position along with the traditional grave goods characteristic only of them: a pot (amphora), a boat axe, a knife, and a pin. These two different burial methods symbolised two communities that differed in their ideological viewpoints: i.e. north and south Indo-European.The burials discovered at Kretuonas 1C Settlement should be dated back to 1995-1675 BC. Based on the radiocarbon dating data, the Kretuonas 1C settlement was in existence for about 220 years. [From the publication]