Stikliniai geriamieji stalo indai Klaipėdos pilyje XV-XVII amžiais

LTStraipsnio tikslas - apibendrinti Klaipėdos piliavietės tyrimų metu (1976-2014 m.) sukauptą vieną iš artefaktų grupių - archeologinio stiklo, tiksliau - geriamųjų stalo indų, surinktų iš XV-XVII a. datuojamų kultūrinių sluoksnių, kolekciją, atskleisti šių dirbinių paskirtį, kilmę. Tyrimo objektu laikoma manufaktūrinės gamybos, kitaip - rankinio pūtimo, stiklo dirbiniai ir jų naudojimo kultūra Klaipėdos pilyje XV-XVII amžiais. Tokių stiklinių taros ir geriamųjų stalo indų šukių, pirmiausia remiantis archeologinių tyrimų ataskaitose pateikta informacija, taip pat ir Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos muziejaus fonduose peržiūrėta stiklo artefaktų medžiaga, šiuo metu yra žinoma tik iki 20 vienetų. Kita geriamųjų indų dalis iš Klaipėdos pilies aplinkos yra arba prastai išlikusi, arba rasta chronologiškai nepatikimuose sluoksniuose (pvz., sluoksnis suardytas), todėl tokios šukės, kurios sudaro apie 80 proc. Klaipėdos piliavietėje surinktų stiklo radinių, šiame straipsnyje išsamiau neanalizuojamos. [Iš straipsnio, p. 230-231]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Klaipėdos pilis; Archeologiniai radiniai; Stikliniai geriamieji stalo indai; Klaipėda castle; Archaeological finds; Glass drinking tableware.

ENThis study is a presentation and an overview of glassware finds discovered during archaeological excavations at the castle site of Klaipėda between the years 1976 and 2014. More specifically, this article considers drinking glasses which up until now have not received much attention from archaeologists. There were only 20 units of mouth-blown glass artefacts identified from the archaeological reports and from the archives of the History Museum of Lithuania Minor. These were glass vessels used for drinking (mostly beer or wine). Remaining fragments of drinking glasses from the site of Klaipėda castle were either very poorly preserved or discovered in chronologically unreliable layers. First appearance of glass vessels at Klaipėda castle was associated with the history of alcoholic beverages, while these were closely related to the development of dining culture, customs and dietary habits. According to known archaeological data from the castle site, glass vessels first appear in Klaipėda during the early phases of town’s development in the 15th century. Unfortunately glass artefacts, dated to the time of Teutonic Order s rule in Prussia, are rarely found in archaeological layers. Analysis of known archaeological data revealed that, during the beginning of the period between the 15th and 16th centuries, the prevailing glass vessel types were beakers with foot and pedestal beakers. These types of vessels were used for drinking both beer and wine. There are very few finds known from the castle site which date to the period between the second half of the 16th and the 17th century. Some of the identified fragments were attributed to glassware style known as Berkemeyer. While one fragment was from a vessel made in the style of Faęon de Venice.Overview of glassware finds from Klaipėda castle and their comparison with archaeological data (dated to the same time period) from the Lower Castle of Vilnius, allow for a conclusion that everyday dining at the castle of Klaipėda was practical rather than pretentious or luxurious. Therefore, glassware finds were interpreted as a mere hint of the fine dining culture. [From the publication]