Dialektometrinis tradicinių lietuvių tarmių klasifikacijos pjūvis: žvalgomasis tyrimas

• Mikulėnienė, Danguolė, sudarymas [com]
• Čepaitienė, Agnė, sudarymas [com]

LTStudijoje pateikiamas naujas Lietuvių kalbos instituto Geolingvistikos centro tyrimas, kuriuo siekiama kiekybiškai patikrinti tradicinių lietuvių kalbos tarmių klasifikaciją. Įvairiais kompiuterinėje programoje "Gabmap" pateiktais metodais tikimasi gauti įvairiapusiškesnį ir detalesnį lietuvių kalbos tarmių (ir jų klasifikacijų) vaizdą. Tyrimo rezultatai padės nuodugniau išsiaiškinti šiuo metu ypač sparčiai vykstančią tradicinių lietuvių (pa)tarmių kaitą, išskirti būdinguosius fonetinius (ir fonologinius) tarmiškumo elementus, pagal kuriuos galėtų būti identifikuojami įvairūs vietiniai kalbos (kalbų) variantai, tarp jų ir naujieji tarminiai dariniai - regiolektai. Šie rezultatai taip pat bus svarbūs dabartiniams ir būsimiems kalbos variantiškumo tyrimams Lietuvoje, o pasirinkta tyrimo metodologija išsamiai pateiks lietuvių tarmėtyrą tarptautiniame moksliniame dialektologijos ir geolingvistikos diskurse. [Iš Pratarmės]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Aukštaičių tarmė; Dialektologija; Dialektometrija; Fonologinė ypatybė; Geolingvistika; Tarmių klasifikacija; Tradicinė lietuvių tarmė; Žemaičiai; Aukštaitian dialect; Classification of the dialects; Dialectology; Dialectometry; Geolinguistics; Phonological feature; Samogitian dialect; Traditional Lithuanian dialect.

ENA more intensive dialect shift has recently been noticeable in the whole world. The language shifts of the dialects are increasing, the differences of several dialectal variants are becoming more important than of those dialects that are remote in the geographical aspect. Due to this reason, it is not the dialect itself, but the dialect continuum that is being more and more frequently selected as the basis for the research. To analyse the continuum of a dialect (or dialects), traditional methods of dialectology are not sufficient. Hence, traditional dialectology is being gradually replaced with dynamic dialectology and qualitative dialectology methods are supplemented with quantitative ones, or in other words, dialectometric techniques. Dialectometry is inseparable from the traditional dialectology as research analysis material for both sleeps in dialects. Traditional dialectology conventionally takes interest in the most significant and strongest dialectal features, one individual phenomenon and usually encompasses only a small part of dialects. The dialectometry, on the contrary, strives to identify common and hidden dialect constructions; therefore, the amount of dialectal features analysed is large. Methods of dialectometry have served as a basis for some software tools, for instance, Visual Dialectometry (VDM), RuG/L04. Nonetheless, it is complicated to conduct quantitative calculations using this software whilst having no information technology, statistics, and other basics. Gabmap, a web-based application for dialectometry, developed by scientists of Groningen University, is simpler and more accessible, thus it started to be utilised in the Institute of the Lithuanian language several years ago.This study presents new research carried out by the Centre of Geolinguistics of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language; it aims to quantitatively examine the classification of the traditional Lithuanian dialects with the help of the aforementioned software. Invoking various techniques of Gabmap, it is expected to obtain a more comprehensive and detailed view of the Lithuanian dialects (and their classifications). The results of the research will help to more deeply analyse the shift of the Lithuanian subdialects, which is currently taking place, as well as to distinguish characteristic phonetic (and phonological) dialecticism elements, which might serve as a tool for identifying various local variants of a language (languages), including new dialectal formations - regiolects. The results of the research will be important for ongoing and future research works on variability in Lithuania, whereas the research methodology selected will beautifully represent Lithuanian dialectology in the international scientific discourse on dialectology and geolinguistics. Methods of dialectometry allow to analyse phonetic and phonological, lexical, morphological, syntactical, semantic and pragmatic layers of a language. The former ones enjoy the largest amount of attention by dialectometry specialists, as the classification by dialects in most European languages is based upon differences in phonetics (and phonology) and lexis. In Lithuania, the classification into subdialects did not take into account lexical peculiarities, although as regards phonetic (phonological) layer, the modern and a few previous traditional classifications of the Lithuanian dialects are not an exception. The attention of dialectologists towards the phonic features of the dialects, which appeared at the end of the 19th century due to the influence ofNeogrammarians, remained significant up until the end of the 20th century.True, in the second part of the 20th century scientific views of the Neogrammarians towards patterns in dialectal sound shifts were being replaced with the provisions common to the representatives of schools of historical descriptivism and phonological structuralism. However, these also did not change the phonetic (phonological) foundation of the classification of the Lithuanian language into dialects. [Extract, p. 343-344]