Viešųjų bausmių taikymas Kauno pilies teisme XVIII a. antrojoje pusėje ir jų vykdymas

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama viešųjų bausmių taikymo Kauno pilies teisme ir jų vykdymo problema XVIII a. antrojoje pusėje. Nustatyta, kad nagrinėjamu metu buvo skiriamos mirties, kūno (plakimo ir ženklinimo), laisvės atėmimo, pašalinimo iš pareigų ir išvarymo iš miesto bausmės. Detaliai aptariami šių bausmių taikymo atvejai ir atlikimo praktika (teigiama, jog nebuvo atliekamos tik vadinamosios kalėjimo bokšte bausmės). Nuo 1782 m. teismas kai kuriais atvejais (bylose dėl vagysčių, plėšimo ir nužudymo) vietoj įprastai už šiuos nusikaltimus numatytos mirties bausmės pradėjo skirti Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teisėje neegzistavusias laisvės atėmimo (terminuoto arba neterminuoto) bausmes, kurios turėjo būti adiekamos Podolės Kamenece buvusiame kalėjime. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kauno pilies teismas; Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės baudžiamoji teisė; Viešosios bausmės; Kaunas castle court; Criminal law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Public punishments.

ENThe article deals with the issue of assignment and administration of public punishments by Kaunas Castle Court in the late eighteenth century. In the period under investigation, this court imposed capital and corporal punishments, punishments by imprisonment, removal from office and banishment from the city. Death penalty was imposed on those offenders who were accused of homicide, robbery and theft, although the court did not impose qualified methods of capital punishment. Out of corporal punishments, only flagellation (as the principal and ancillary punishment for crimes against life, health and property, never administered to the nobility) and branding (as an ancillary punishment for thieves) were inflicted. The number of imposed strokes ranged from 50 to 400, with the most common number being 100 strokes. During the analysed period, the main place of confinement continued to the so-called Tower (Upper and Lower) Prison. The Upper Tower Prison registry was dominated by relatively short sentences of 3,6 and 12 weeks, mostly for violent acts (slaps in the face, forfeiture of real estate, assault with a combat weapon, assault on a noblemans house and estate). The Lower Tower Prison was used less frequently (as a punishment for beating a nobleman with a non-combat weapon, unlawful incarceration, and unproven criminal charge offence), but the sentences delivered were longer: from 12, 24 weeks to half a year. From 1782 onwards, instead of imposing the death penalty in cases like theft, robbery and homicide, the court began to give imprisonment sentences (fixed or indefinite) which were non-existent under the GDL law and thus had to be carried out in the Kamianets-Podilskyi prison. [From the publication]