Kai kurios asmens ir bendruomenės modernėjimo tendencijos surinkimininkų literatūroje

LTSurinkimininkų judėjimo, taigi ir jo poreikius tenkinančios literatūros lietuvių kalba, radimasis sutapo su Vakarų Europos visuomenės žengimo modernybėn etapu - XVIII amžiaus pabaiga. Tuomet vyko spartūs socialiniai, politiniai, technologiniai, žmogaus gyvenimo būdo ir idėjų pasaulio pokyčiai. Šio tyrimo atspirties taškas - mūsų kultūroje Vytauto Kavolio (1930-1996) suformuluota galimybė interpretuoti tekstą kaip visuomenėje (civilizacijoje) vykstančio keitimosi rodiklį. Kultūros modernizacijos procesą tyrėjas susiejo su pasirinkimu tarp racionalumo ir emocijos, empirizmo ir transcedentalizmo, dirbtinumo ir natūralumo, universalumo ir partikuliarumo, plėtimosi ir stabilizacijos bei orientacijos į ateitį arba į praeitį. Modernistinė orientacija, anot sociologo, yra susijusi su pirmąja alternatyva, o antimodernistinė - su antrąja. Pasak Kavolio, svarbiausiais naujais kultūros elementais reikėtų laikyti palaipsniui vis labiau ryškėjančias pasaulietiško sąmoningumo, istorinės nostalgijos, novatoriškumo džiaugsmo, socialinės kritikos, judraus žmogaus ir tautos aktyvėjimo apraiškas. [Iš Įvado]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bruožai; Evangelikai liuteronai; Lietuvos istorija; Literatūra; Mažoji Lietuva; Modernizmas; Rašytojai; Religinė literatūra; Rytų Prūsija [East Prussia]; Susirinkimininkai; 18 amžius; 19 amžius; Assemblers; Authors; East Prussia; Features; Literature; Lithuania Minor; Lutherans; Modernism; Religious literature; The Lithuanian history; XVIII - XIX c.

ENThe emergence of the "surinkimininkai" (private religious gatherings) movement together with its supporting literature in Lithuanian coincided with the epoch of western European society's entrance into modernity - the end of the 18th century. At that time, rapid social, political, technological shifts in people's lifestyles and the world of ideas took place. In the 19th century one may speak of the clear processes of European society's modernization marked by the rejection of the so-called old, traditional world and ancient regime, and a transition from feudalism to the new capitalist system of farming, toward liberal democracy and a world of individual freedom. This world witnessed a shift in the relationship between tradition and innovation - wherein novelties, innovations, and innovativeness became highly valued. In a rapidly changing world, every individual was forced to determine their personal relationship with these changes and emerging new forms. In many cases this gave birth to antimodernist attitudes proclaiming the catastrophical end of history, and the literature of surinkimininkai is brimming with such articulations. The home worshiping movement was formed in a village context that maintained the archaic model of community lifestyle in Prussian Lithuania, which helped to unify the modernist and antimodernist developmental tendencies. The literature of surinkimininkai in many cases reflected the ambivalence of this movement. They raise the issue of salvation, on the one hand, which emphasized the personal responsibility of the individual, and encouraged laymen, mostly teachers and peasants, to take up the duties of editing religious books, preaching the Word, and engaging in missionary work in distant lands.The latter practices helped to forge the ideal type of a modem mobile person, who functioned as a medium as he curiously observed the new surroundings, transferred information, and recounted stories about other lands, races, and cultures. Missionary practice encouraged the establishment of the first Lithuanian periodical press and formed a distinctive layer of religious adventure literature. Rational attention toward everyday morality of a believer, encouraging abstinence resulted not only in the expected formation of didactic literature, but also in the unexpected transformations of the genre of religious literature - hymns fighting against moral vices such as hymns against alcoholism and the like. On the other hand, the editors' relatively low level of education, their choice to avoid historicity by foregrounding the Will of God, the limited practices of antimodemist communities wherein innovation was more readily seen in a negative light, all of these restrictions limited the spread of the literary genre and stood in the way of creating original texts. [From the publication]

• Teologija / Theology
• Literatūrologija / Literary Studies
• Istorija / History