LTHipotezė, kurią straipsnis įrodinėja, skamba taip: konkretus antropologinis tipas, vadinamas Vakarų žmogumi, gali būti nusakomas per santykį su turiniais, kurių atmetimas ir sukūrė prielaidas tam tipui atsirasti. Užsibrėžto tikslo analizę galime pradėti suformuluodami tris esminius klausimus: ką vadiname atmetamais turiniais, kas yra tą atmetimą įgyvendinantis gestas, ir kaip suprantamas istorinis kontekstas, kuriame tas gestas realizuojamas? Atsakymai į šiuos klausimus sudaro neišardomą sanpyną; ją nagrinėdami tikimės nusakyti bent dalį prielaidų, lemiančių, Foucault požiūriu, šiuolaikinio žmogaus tipą. Pirmiausia akivaizdu, kad pateikta hipotezė minėtą tipą nusako negatyviai, per santykį su tuo, kuo jis nėra. Į tyrimų lauką tai leidžia įtraukti beprotybės konceptą, aprėpianti viską, ką toks žmogus atmeta kaip savo svetimybę. Antra, šiame apibrėžime išskiriamas „gestas“, kuriuo beprotybė atpažįstama kaip kažkas svetima ir tuo pačiu išstumiama į žmogiškumo marginalijas. Ir trečia, - kaip dar pamatysime - šis atmetimo gestas grindžia naują istorinės raidos sampratą, papildančią mūsų nagrinėjamą tipą istorijos ontologijos aspektu. [Iš straipsnio, p. 343-344]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Antropologija; Antropologinis tipas; Beprotybė; Foucault; Foucault, Michelis; Gestas; Istorija; Istorijos ontologija; Nebūtis; Patologija; Psichinė patologija; Skiriamasis; Anthropological type; Anthropology; Distinctive gesture; Foucault; Foucault, Michel; History; Madness; Non-existence; Ontology of history; Pathology; Psychic pathology.
ENThe purpose of this article is to render the sketch of ontology of history suggested by the scholar of most-modern mind Michel Foucault and at the same time to provide one of the possible answers to the question “what the most general assumptions have determined the type of modern human”. The hypothesis, argued in the article, sounds as follows: the concrete anthropological type named Western human can be named through the relation with contents, the rejection of which has established the assumptions for origin of that type. Foucault distinguishes between “dialectic” perception of historical development based on self evolving “positive” powers and history which develops itself separating from concept that is not a history, from something what doesn’t exist positively, but has power to establish such positive condition. Such separation is based on the fundamental ontological presumption: subsistence is not just a space that belongs to history, ranging all existing and possible positive facts. Subsistence is also that fertile emptiness which only allows the latter ones to exist, in other words subsistence is emptiness that can’t be groped positively, it is nothingness rewarded with ontological authority. It is particular conception on metaphysical unity, of unity as potency, that positively doesn’t exist, but through the gesture of separation/ rejection has power to repeat it self through historical shapes. The gap in history is the metaphor consolidating the above mentioned conceptions. At the same time the gap is the beginning of multitude, the differential gesture that is the reason of unity/nonexistence reorganisation, through which they pass to the register of positive subsistence. Therefore the model suggested by Foucault, rephrasing the stamps of philosophy, can be summarized as follows: to separate means to be.This means that the motion of rejection necessarily is the particular form of dependence; the gesture repressing through it passes to dependence from the repressing contents. Within such context becomes obvious the “function” of madness: through the self alienation to allow the existence of history and of the power reflecting it- the existence of the individual following the sanity. Precisely thus madness can become the condition of history and of the “homo sapiens” reigning in it. [From the publication p. 578]