Nietzsche: tragedija ir parodija

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama Friedricho Nietzsche'ės tragedijos teorija. Taip pat siekiama atskleisti tragedijos kilmės, raidos samprata jo filosofijoje. Nietzsche veikale "Tragedijos gimimas", arba "Helenizmas ir pesimizmas", parašytame 1872 metais, tiria senovės graikų tragediją ne kaip literatūrinį žanrą, o kaip Antikos žmogaus egzistavimo formą. Filosofui svarbu suvokti vidinę tragedijos esmę ir vertę. [Iš straipsnio, p. 411]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tragedija; Tragiškasis jausmas; Sokratizmas; Parodija; Tragedy; Tragic sense; Socratism; Parody.

ENThe article focuses on the analysis of tragedy in Nietzsche s philosophy. The early Greek drama through music made accessible to the audience-worshippers the Dionysian, understood as a direct connection, ecstatic and mystic, with cosmic Nature (the One), in which the individual will was obliterated. The loss of the self in Nature produces the tragic joy. Nietzsche says that the poet Euripides, believing that the light of reason should illuminate all important things, turned to a new voice in Greek life: the powerful inquiring spirit of the philosopher Socrates. Socrates represents a rational optimism which declares that all things can and must be known. The optimism of reason is the death of tragedy. But, according to Nietzsche, logic can never lead the human mind to the ultimate secrets of all things. In various ways Nietzsche repeatedly suggests that the rebirth of tragedy is accomplished in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra". Nietzsche holds this work to be "involuntary parody". So tragedy is redeemed as parody. Nietzsche then is laughing at himself, his doctrine of eternal recurrence and tragedy. This irony displaces any attempt to secure a new truth on the basis of his works. [From the publication]