Semantinės raiškos adekvatumo problema

LTKaip žinia, terminijai yra įprastas didesnis ar mažesnis skolinių bei vertinių kiekis [4: 59]. Semantinės raiškos adekvatumo problema yra itin būdinga visų kalbų, tarp jų - ir lietuvių, terminologijai. Todėl šiuo aspektu aktualu tyrinėti tiek pačios lietuvių kalbos terminiją tiek ir natūraliųjų ilgalaikių lietuvių ir slavų kalbų kontaktų metu atsiradusius skolinius bei vertinius. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama aktyvioje kontaktų zonoje gyvenančių lietuvių šnektų vertinių ir skolinių semantinės raiškos adekvatumo problema, bandomas apčiuopti semantikos poslinkių mechanizmas. [Iš straipsnio, p. 92]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kalbų sąveika; Periferinė šnekta; Semantinė raiška; Skoliniai; Vertiniai; Borderline area; Borrowing; Borrowings; Language interaction; Language interference; Linguistic calque; Peripheral subdialect; Semantic adequacy; Semantic means of expression; Translationese.

ENThe paper deals with the problem of semantic adequacy in the Lithuanian language, which is quite important problem especially for terminology. The mechanism of borrowing an adoption processes is examining with the problem of semantic adequacy being in the highlight. The material was collected in some isolated peripheral Lithuanian dialects of Ramaškónys, Ródūnia, Žirmūnai and Plikiai located in the district of Varanavas in Belarus. It focuses on lexical, or semantic, translations and the problem of semantic adequacy. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of loan translations from Slavic languages in peripheral dialects. Bilingualism transforms the thinking mechanism of people; as a result, they easily take loan words and word groups, syntactic constructions and phraseology as their own. From the point of view of meaning and word formation loan translations are analogous to the corresponding Belarusian words. Therefore, to discriminate between loan translations and independent words, which have developed as a result of historically determined systemic regularities of Slavic and Baltic languages and hence similar derivational bases, is quite complex. The majority of loan translations are caiques, or literal translations from Belarusian, which add to the Lithuanian word a Belarusian, artificially coined, meaning. The meaning is alien, often deprived of another Lithuanian word, which is not a semantic equivalent of the original Belarusian word. The process leads to the impoverishment of the dialectal lexicon, the destruction of their semantics, the deterioration of the national spirit of Lithuanian, the development of a rather onesided bilingualism. [From the publication]