Santrumpos, sutrumpinimai, simboliai

LTKai kurie žodžiai ir pavadinimai rašte (kai kada ir sakytinėje kalboje) trumpinami. Trumpinimo būdų kalbose yra įvairių. Norint pateikti rekomendacijas dėl tokio trumpinimo, pirmiausia reikėtų pasitikslinti terminus. Dabar vartojami net keturi terminai (ir ne visada nuosekliai): sutrumpinimai, santrumpos, abreviatūros, akronimai. [Iš straipsnio, p. 69]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Abreviatūra; Akronimas; Santrumpa; Santrumpos; Simboliai; Simbolis; Sutrumpinimai; Sutrumpinimas; Abbreviation; Abbreviations; Acronym; Lithuanian; Symbol; Symbols.

ENSome words and names in written and sometimes spoken language are shortened. The article deals with the inconsistent use of terms for various abbreviations. The author of the article proposes to distinguish between symbols, graphic abbreviations and abbreviations. Symbols represent measures and graphic characters. Graphic abbreviations are simple shortened forms of frequently used words or word groups, e.g. tel. - telefonas, 1.1. - taip toliau. Abbreviations are contracted substitutes for compound names. They are usually formed from the first letters or syllables of words, e.g. NATO for Eng. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Lith. Sodra - Sodra. (for Lith. Socialinis Draudimas). Abbreviations can be pronounced in two ways: by spelling the letters, e.g. SMS - es-em-es, and phonetically (pronounced like usual words), e.g. ŽIV - živ, SIM - sim. Abbreviations that are pronounced like words should be called acronyms. Sometimes they can even become root morphemes. Thus acronyms can be inflective and can function as words. Based on this criterion, the method used to form abbreviations (from letters, syllables or otherwise) is not important. Abbreviations with respect to standard language are more problematic. Their pronunciation, spelling and principles of formation are discussed in the article. [From the publication]