Следы вооружённых конфликтов X - начала XIII веков на территории восточной и южной Литвы

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: 10 a., 13 a; Baltų gentys; Ginkluotas susidūrimas; Jotvingiai; Kariniai konfliktai; Karo veiksmas; Lietuviai; Piliakalniai; Sėliai; Įtvirtinta gyvenvietė; 10th-13th centuries; Armed conflict; Baltic tribes; Hillfort; Hillforts; Lithuania; Lithuanians; Military conflicts; Military deed; Selonians; Yotvingians.

ENThe paper analyses archaeological research-based traces of military clashes that took place in the period from the 10th century to the early 13th century in the eastern and southern parts of the present-day territory of Lithuania. At that time, it was an arena of Lithuanian-Yotvingian fights with the East Slavs and the Poles as well as the Livonian Order since the beginning of the 13th century. The first records of the East Slavs' marches to the Yotvingiansi lands date back as far as 983 AD. The traces of the fights discovered at some mounds in the southern part of Lithuania (Kaukai, Rudamina, and Kumelionys) are related to the mentioned fights. Particular traces of the fights have been explored at Kaukai mound n such finds as barbs, traces of fire and human bones. Thus far, there has not been a possibility to identify the traces of Polish military movements to the Yotvingians' lands in the present territory of Lithuania. The eastern part of Lithuania has a significant object - the Mažulonys mound where major finds, such as the remains of three humans, who died during fights, and barbs of bows and crossbows have been discovered there. Some historians (e.g., Jerzy Ochmanski) affirm that the castle on this mound was burnt during the fights with the Duchy of Polotsk. The author of the paper considers the castle on the Ma˛ulonys mound to have been burnt in 1229 when the Livonian Order set off on a march to Nalšia in the territory of Lithuanian tribes. Other wooden castles on the mounds in Vosgėliai and Velikuškės in the northeastern part of the present-day territory of Lithuania could have been burnt during the mentioned march also. [From the publication]

• Archeologija / Archaeology
• Istorija / History