Vizualinis raštingumas: metafora ar oksimoronas?

LTŽmonija visada stengėsi suprasti pasaulį ir save per vaizdus. Rašytojai, kaip ir tapytojai, fotografai, kino kūrėjai susiduria su vizualiuoju pasauliu. Straipsnyje analizuojama dažnai vartojama sąvoka „vizualinis raštingumas“, kuri paprastai vartojama šiandienos vizualinei kultūrai apibūdinti. Šią sąvoką galima suprasti dvejopai – kaip metaforą ir kaip oksimoroną. Autorės nuomone, sąvokoje yra nepagrįstai suplakami skirtingi sąmonės intencionalumai. Tokio neatidumo ir kartu pirmenybės raštui šaknys glūdi kultūros istorijoje: pradedant Aristotelio, Horacijaus veikalais ir baigiant šiuolaikinėmis literatūrinėmis teorijomis, pritaikytomis skaityti vaizdus. Kaip atsvara tokiam vaizdo skaitymui pristatoma fenomenologinė vaizdo patirtis, kurią akcentuoja straipsnyje pristatomi autoriai (J. W. Goethe, V. Šklovskis, S. Sontag, G. Didi-Hubermanas ir kt.). [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vizualinis raštingumas; Metafora; Oksimoronas; Ut pictura poesis; Vaizdas; Visual literacy; Metaphor; Oxymoron; Ut pictura poesis; Image.

ENHuman beings have always looked at and seen the world around them and have made sense of themselves and others through their understanding of what they saw. Writers, too, have always dealt with the visual world. From the ancient Greek philosophers, through the art writers of the Renaissance and the aestheticists of the early Enlightenment, to the art historians, film critics and media theorists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, humanity studied visual forms and their meanings. In this article we distinguish the tacit understandings people have of the visual domain from what we call visual literacies. The problem of the concept of "visual literacy" relates to the "pictorial turn" situation in Western culture. Some analogies can be traced to compulsory primary education in the second half of 19th century which spread literacy over Western and Eastern Europe. Is, then, "visual literacy" the appropriate concept? As a notion "literacy" metaphorically means the ability to catch any sense from a picture, text etc.Also, the concept "visual literacy" is probably an oxymoron? A phenomenological experience of "visuality" and "literacy" shows that in both cases we are dealing with different intentionalities. On the one hand, it is a reading of image (Aristotle, Horatius, various contemporary theories of literature etc.), and on the other hand, it is the phenomenological experience of visuality (J. W. Goethe, V. Shklovsky, S. Sontag, G. Didi-Huberman etc.). [From the publication]