Dviejų tiesų sampratos kritika Tomo Akviniečio traktate "Apie intelekto vienovę"

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Akvinietis, Tomas; Averojus; Dviejų tiesų samprata; Dviejų tiesų teorija; Islamas; Koranas; Krikščionybė; Naujasis Testamentas; Tomas Akvinietis; Aquinas, Thomas; Averroes; Christianity; Concept of double truth; Islam; Koran; New Testament; Thomas Aquinas.

ENThe philosophical treatise by Thomas Aquinas De unitate intellects contra averroistas gives us explicit evidence of some fundamental philosophical problems common to both medieval Western and Arabic cultures. One of them is the problem of faith and reason. It starts as a result of the resolute attacks against pagan wisdom by the New Testament and the Koran and does not disappear when Christianity and Islam celebrate their victories. On the contrary, with time, it increases, faith and reason resume their rivalry for the monopoly of the truth. During the Midde Ages of fighting religions, reason had no other choice than to compromise with victorious faith. As a result, the concept of double truth came into being. Averroes is regarded as its originator. Later this concept was accepted by the Latin averroists. At the end of his treatise, Aquinas shows us how the leader of the Paris averroists, Siger of Brabant, applies it to the case of the intellect. Aquinas exposes all the principal faults of the double truth concept. He is obviously directed by the maxim that truth is not a thing to compromise on. In order not to compromise, he makes faith the lord and the judge of reason. But, as history shows, this solution to the problem has its own faults. Nevertheless, De unitate intellectus by Thomas Aquinas remains significant for a better understanding of the situation of Christianity at the close of the second millennium and for the comparativistic studies of Islamic and Western cultures, and as a consequence for a better understanding of both. [From the publication]