Antrosios Biržų pilies rūmų koklinės krosnies tyrimai ir rekonstrukcija

LT[...] Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas ir akcentuojamas visų pirma praktinis Biržų krosnių tyrimo ir rekonstrukcijos aspektas, platesnė lyginamoji medžiaga paliečiama tik kiek ji susijusi su krosnies atstatymu. Kitaip sakant, šis tyrimas neapima krosnių tipologijos analizės, istorinės keramikos technologijų kaitos, ornamentikos analizės ir pan. Tačiau manau, kad ir siauri, kaip minėta, praktiniai tyrimai pasitarnaus ne tik atstatymo tikslui. Šiame praktinės rekonstrukcijos projekte visi krosnies atstatymo etapai kvalifikuotini kaip atskiri tyrimo epizodai. Koklių modelių ir matricų darymo, koklių spaudimo-dauginimo, glazūravimo ir išdegimo darbai buvo atliekami, kiek leido galimybės, mokslinės rekonstrukcijos arba mokslinio eksperimento būdu. Vieningu darbo grupės sutarimu buvo pasirinkta funkcionuojančios krosnies rekonstrukcija1, toks požiūris suteikia galimybę koreguojant pasirinkto varianto pagrįstumą įtraukti papildomus - konstrukcijos, funkcijos, tvarumo ir kitus parametrus. [Iš straipsnio, p. 68]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Antroji Biržų pilis; Biržų pilis; Kokliai; Krosnies atstatymo projektas; Krosnis; Rekonstrukcija; Restauravimas; Biržai Castle; Project of stove reconstruction; Reconstruction; Restoration; Stove; The second Biržai Castle; The stove; Tiles.

ENIn order to reconstruct one of the stoves of Biržai Castle the combined research of the material was started. The group of the researchers (architect E. Purlys, historian D. Karvelis, archaeologist R. Songailaitė and stove restorer D. Strazdas) periodically analyzed the material. The colour of the stove was chosen on the basis of archaeological findings - there were found heraldic tiles with yellow initials and a violet wreath with a black eagle on a white background. The measurements of the stove was found on the basis of investigation of the authentic mouth of the stove that had remained. Having removed the layer of the plaster there was found the remains of the left upper corner of the mouth of the stove. The additional investigation of the mouth in the room on the same floor enabled to make more precise measurements of the being reconstructed mouth and on the basis of the analogs found in Vilnius there were restored the parts of the metal shutter of the mouth. Taking into account the authentic niche in the wall the side silhouette of the stove was made more exact. The project of the stove reconstruction was also compared with the stove hearth found in the building of the same period in the territory of Biržai Castle during the excavations of 1984-1985 and reconstructions of Bauska Castle (Latvia) stoves of the first part of the 18th century. This material helped to choose the rectangular hearth. Before making the stove tiles the roentgenophase analysis was made. As comparative examples, there were taken the archaeological tile clay and natural geological clay from historic brickworks shown on the map of the Radvilos' estate in the middle of the 17th century (the village of Mikailava, approximately 20 km from the town of Biržai).The results surprised as the samples were identical. Then the atomic emission spectrophotometric analysis was made by Dr. R. Taraskevicius from the Institute of Geology and Geography. This enabled to start the practical reconstruction of the glaze. [From the publication]

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