Skapiškio sakralinių pastatų kompleksų ir parapijos trobesių architektūra

LTŠio straipsnio tyrimų tikslas ir uždaviniai - ištirti Skapiškio sakralinių pastatų, parapijos trobesių bei smulkiųjų sakralinių statinių architektūrą, nustatyti objektų urbanistinius ryšius. Remiantis archyviniais šaltiniais ir istoriniais duomenimis, ikonografine medžiaga bei natūros tyrimais, atlikti objektų formų analizę, nustatyti jų vertę bei atskleisti savitus bruožus; nustatyti išnykusių pastatų stovėjimo vietas ir iš istorinių nuotraukų ar projektų atkurti jų architektūrą. Tyrimų metodai: istorinis ikonografinis, aprašomasis analitinis, lyginamasis, rekonstrukcinis. Papildomi specifiniai tyrimo metodai: pastatų dokumentavimas ir fotofiksacija. [Iš straipsnio, p. 156]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Skapiškis; Architektūra; Pastatai; Sakralinė architektūra; Skapiškis; Architecture; Sacral architecture; Buildings.

ENThe sacral and parish buildings had been built in the central part of the town, and there is one chapel at the southern outskirts. There were two churches in Skapiškis. The first (old) one, a parish church with a belfry, stood at the central square of the town, while the new Dominican church, monastery and a belfry were built north-westwards from this square. The Chapel of Missions stands between both churches north of the square. The Temperance Chapel was built in the southern part of the town. The Catholic Cemetery is at the southern outskirts of the town, on the western side of the road going to Kupiškis. The Old Jewish Cemetery is in the eastern part of the Skapiškis downtown at the river. West of the cemetery and south of the central square, there were two wooden synagogues. Only a belfry built in 1841 now is left in the yard of the former old Skapiškis parish church. It is two-tiered and formed of two spaces of the same shape. This is a construction of Romanticism period with styled Classicist forms containing simple order elements prevailing. The belfry is an important vertical accent in the central part of the town, since it symbolises the site of the old church. The first church stood northeast of the belfry. The old parish church with a belfry had been fixed in the end-19th c. drawings by Alfred Römer and a 1900 photograph by Rev. Juozapas Žiogas. The volume of old church with two turrets above the rooftop over adjacent lower wooden houses is seen in the pictures. The new Church of St. Hyacinth, built in 1819-1826 during the epoch of Classicism, is of laconic architecture. Its plan structure and interior space is notable for original joint of sacristy and presbytery, as well as untraditional high altar.The belfry built in 1895 at the southern corner of the churchyard is two-tiered, of simple framework and folk architecture; the partitions of its second tier are originally carved. Major part of the churchyard is enclosed by a stonework fence, and the front line of the fence is openwork formed of red bricks laid in rhombic order. In the churchyard, there are small sacral constructions, such as the Lourdes, a cross, some monuments and burials. In the fence, there are two chapels of the Stations of the Cross formed in 1858, during the Romanticism period; their architecture is prevailed by Late Classicism forms. Beyond the churchyard, near the stone fence, there is a storehouse built in 1895; it is of simple architecture typical of village houses. Now the Skapiškis Church (besides churchyard constructions and storage) possesses also old parsonage, parson's house and two outhouses south of the church. The old parsonage built in 1895 is one-storied, with a cellar and a shelter with a half-hipped roof. It is of a monumental volume typical of important parish buildings; features of ethnic architecture prevail in its exterior, while the upper fillets have hints of stylish architecture. In the yard, there is a wooden outbuilding that is so outworn that it has lost its authenticity. The present-day parsonage consists of two parallel different-aged buildings (wooden and masonry) and a joining part. The wooden house is older, of simple traditional architecture typical of township homesteads. The masonry building is made of red and white bricks and reflects modern fashion of home building in provincial areas, when excessive decorativeness is sought after. The parson's homestead with wooden buildings (still standing) seems to be formed during the interwar period. From the buildings seen at the beginning of the 20th century (fixed in the 1909 plan), a small storehouse remained standing beyond the churchyard fence, as well as an old parsonage.These buildings of parson's homestead are most valuable, since they retained their authentic volumes and many old elements of ethnic architecture. East of the parsonage, at the northern tip of the central square, there is л chapel used as remembrance of the initial missions. It is of Baroque forms, regular proportions and original plan contour. It is an important vertical accent of the central part of the town. The second chapel had been built in 1862 (and restored in 1990) to remember the temperance movement lead by bishop Motiejus Valančius. This is a building of Historicism period of modified Neo-Baroque forms and rebuilt at the end of the 19th century. The purpose seems to have been to imitate the forms of the first chapel. The Old Jewish Cemetery is recognised as immovable cultural heritage; there are fragments of stone masonry fence and two gate pillars remained. There are also tombstones of various forms with inscriptions cut in Hebraic. [From the publication]